[avr-gcc-list] Different size between .hex file and firmware size.

[Alex Fpolis]

Dear,

I have some problem with my program area space I need more space. I can see there are some "lost" byte maked by compiler in the hex file.

My question is these bytes are firmware body ? 

some parte the list file.

00006e8e <__epilogue_restores__>:

    6e8e: 2a 88       ldd r2, Y+18 ; 0x12

    6e90: 39 88       ldd r3, Y+17 ; 0x11

    6e92: 48 88       ldd r4, Y+16 ; 0x10

    6e94: 5f 84       ldd r5, Y+15 ; 0x0f

    6e96: 6e 84       ldd r6, Y+14 ; 0x0e

    6e98: 7d 84       ldd r7, Y+13 ; 0x0d

    6e9a: 8c 84       ldd r8, Y+12 ; 0x0c

    6e9c: 9b 84       ldd r9, Y+11 ; 0x0b

    6e9e: aa 84       ldd r10, Y+10 ; 0x0a

    6ea0: b9 84       ldd r11, Y+9 ; 0x09

    6ea2: c8 84       ldd r12, Y+8 ; 0x08

    6ea4: df 80       ldd r13, Y+7 ; 0x07

    6ea6: ee 80       ldd r14, Y+6 ; 0x06

    6ea8: fd 80       ldd r15, Y+5 ; 0x05

    6eaa: 0c 81       ldd r16, Y+4 ; 0x04

    6eac: 1b 81       ldd r17, Y+3 ; 0x03

    6eae: aa 81       ldd r26, Y+2 ; 0x02

    6eb0: b9 81       ldd r27, Y+1 ; 0x01

    6eb2: ce 0f       add r28, r30

    6eb4: d1 1d       adc r29, r1

    6eb6: 0f b6       in r0, 0x3f ; 63

    6eb8: f8 94       cli

    6eba: de bf       out 0x3e, r29 ; 62

    6ebc: 0f be       out 0x3f, r0 ; 63

    6ebe: cd bf       out 0x3d, r28 ; 61

    6ec0: ed 01       movw r28, r26

    6ec2: 08 95       ret

00006ec4 <isspace>:

    6ec4: 91 11       cpse r25, r1

    6ec6: 06 c0       rjmp .+12     ; 0x6ed4 <__ctype_isfalse>

    6ec8: 80 32       cpi r24, 0x20 ; 32

    6eca: 19 f0       breq .+6       ; 0x6ed2 <isspace+0xe>

    6ecc: 89 50       subi r24, 0x09 ; 9

    6ece: 85 50       subi r24, 0x05 ; 5

    6ed0: d0 f7       brcc .-12     ; 0x6ec6 <isspace+0x2>

    6ed2: 08 95       ret

00006ed4 <__ctype_isfalse>:

    6ed4: 99 27       eor r25, r25

    6ed6: 88 27       eor r24, r24

00006ed8 <__ctype_istrue>:

    6ed8: 08 95       ret

00006eda <_exit>:

    6eda: f8 94       cli

00006edc <__stop_program>:

    6edc: ff cf       rjmp .-2       ; 0x6edc <__stop_program>

>>>>>>>>>

>>>>>>>>>  Note: the last two memory position is 6edc and 6edd  " 6edc: ff cf       rjmp .-2       ; 0x6edc <__stop_program> " 

>>>>>>>>>  Below you can see the final the hex file maked by compiler, why there are some bytes after "6edd" ?

106CB000C801DF91CF911F910F9108959C01FB01B5

:106CC000838180FF11C086FD0FC09FEF2F3F3907E2

:106CD00059F0228380648F7D838386819781019719

:106CE0009783868330E002C02FEF3FEFC9010895FC

:106CF000FA01AA27283051F1203181F1E8946F93ED

:106D00006E7F6E5F7F4F8F4F9F4FAF4FB1E03ED092

:106D1000B4E03CD0670F781F891F9A1FA11D680F30

:106D2000791F8A1F911DA11D6A0F711D811D911D63

:106D3000A11D20D009F468943F912AE0269F1124D8

:106D40003019305D3193DEF6CF010895462F47703C

:106D5000405D4193B3E00FD0C9F7F6CF462F4F7097

:106D6000405D4A3318F0495D31FD4052419302D0F5

:106D7000A9F7EACFB4E0A69597958795779567959B

:106D8000BA95C9F700976105710508959B01AC019B

:106D90000A2E06945795479537952795BA95C9F7C2

:106DA000620F731F841F951FA01D0895629FD0015D

:106DB000739FF001829FE00DF11D649FE00DF11DB6

:106DC000929FF00D839FF00D749FF00D659FF00D65

:106DD0009927729FB00DE11DF91F639FB00DE11D52

:106DE000F91FBD01CF0111240895AA1BBB1B51E15E

:106DF00007C0AA1FBB1FA617B70710F0A61BB70B2B

:106E0000881F991F5A95A9F780959095BC01CD01CF

:106E10000895A1E21A2EAA1BBB1BFD010DC0AA1FDB

:106E2000BB1FEE1FFF1FA217B307E407F50720F0F3

:106E3000A21BB30BE40BF50B661F771F881F991F6E

:106E40001A9469F760957095809590959B01AC01B7

:106E5000BD01CF0108952F923F924F925F926F92A2

:106E60007F928F929F92AF92BF92CF92DF92EF92DA

:106E7000FF920F931F93CF93DF93CDB7DEB7CA1B5B

:106E8000DB0B0FB6F894DEBF0FBECDBF09942A8886

:106E9000398848885F846E847D848C849B84AA842E

:106EA000B984C884DF80EE80FD800C811B81AA81BB

:106EB000B981CE0FD11D0FB6F894DEBF0FBECDBF86

:106EC000ED010895911106C0803219F08950855066

:0E6ED000D0F70895992788270895F894FFCFEA >>>>>>>>>>> last firmware bytes.

???? What are these bytes ?

:106EDE002530325825303258253032582530325828

:106EEE002530325825303258253032582573007BE4

:106EFE0025782025782025782025782025782025AE

:106F0E00782025782025732025732025732025735E

:106F1E00202575207D003834303338383039000064

:106F2E0038807000003200000028000000040000CD

:106F3E00000000000000000001020203030303042E

:106F4E0004040404040404050505050505050505EA

:106F5E0005050505050505060606060606060606CA

:106F6E0006060606060606060606060606060606B3

:106F7E00060606060606060707070707070707079A

:106F8E000707070707070707070707070707070783

:106F9E000707070707070707070707070707070773

:106FAE000707070707070707070707070707070763

:106FBE00070707070707070808080808080808084A

:106FCE000808080808080808080808080808080833

:106FDE000808080808080808080808080808080823

:106FEE000808080808080808080808080808080813

:106FFE000808080808080808080808080808080803

:10700E0008080808080808080808080808080808F2

:10701E0008080808080808080808080808080808E2

:10702E0008080808080808080808080808080808D2

:08703E00080808080808080012

:00000001FF

Best regards,

Alex F Pereira - Brazil.