Hi all,
it seems that I've found an error in GSL manual in the section about
eigenvalues/vectors determination of non-symmetric real matrices. The
manual says:
14.3 Real Nonsymmetric Matrices
===============================
The solution of the real nonsymmetric eigensystem problem for a matrix
A involves computing the Schur decomposition
A = Z T Z^T
where Z is an orthogonal matrix of Schur vectors and T, the Schur
form, is quasi upper triangular with diagonal 1-by-1 blocks which are
real eigenvalues of A, and diagonal 2-by-2 blocks whose eigenvalues are
complex conjugate eigenvalues of A. The algorithm used is the
double-shift Francis method.
-----------------------
and after about the function gsl_eigen_nonsymmv and gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_Z :
-- Function: int gsl_eigen_nonsymmv (gsl_matrix * A,
gsl_vector_complex * EVAL, gsl_matrix_complex * EVEC,
gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_workspace * W)
This function computes eigenvalues and right eigenvectors of the
N-by-N real nonsymmetric matrix A. It first calls
`gsl_eigen_nonsymm' to compute the eigenvalues, Schur form T, and
Schur vectors. Then it finds eigenvectors of T and backtransforms
them using the Schur vectors. The Schur vectors are destroyed in
the process, but can be saved by using `gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_Z'. The
computed eigenvectors are normalized to have unit magnitude. On
output, the upper portion of A contains the Schur form T. If
`gsl_eigen_nonsymm' fails, no eigenvectors are computed, and an
error code is returned.
-- Function: int gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_Z (gsl_matrix * A,
gsl_vector_complex * EVAL, gsl_matrix_complex * EVEC,
gsl_matrix * Z, gsl_eigen_nonsymmv_workspace * W)
This function is identical to `gsl_eigen_nonsymmv' except that it
also saves the Schur vectors into Z.
------------------------------
The problems seems to be about the Schur decomposition formula. What
seems to be true is that:
A = Z T Z^(-1)
and not that: A = Z T Z^T as asserted in the documentation. I've found
that empirical guesses.
Otherwise I'm perplexed about the statement in the gsl_eigen_nonsymmv:
"On output, the upper portion of A contains the Schur form T". I don't
understand this statement because before it was stated that: "T, the
Schur form, is quasi upper triangular with diagonal 1-by-1 blocks
which are real eigenvalues of A, and diagonal 2-by-2 blocks whose
eigenvalues are complex conjugate eigenvalues of A". So the T matrix
is not really upper triangular.