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[Emacs-diffs] Changes to emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi
|
From: |
Miles Bader |
|
Subject: |
[Emacs-diffs] Changes to emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi |
|
Date: |
Wed, 30 Mar 2005 03:14:38 -0500 |
Index: emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi
diff -c emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi:1.13 emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi:1.14
*** emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi:1.13 Sat Jan 22 21:07:03 2005
--- emacs/man/gnus-faq.texi Wed Mar 30 08:14:32 2005
***************
*** 1,210 ****
! @c Insert "\input texinfo" at 1st line before texing this file alone.
! @c -*-texinfo-*-
! @c Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@setfilename gnus-faq.info
!
! @c Frequently Asked Questions, FAQ - Introduction, Emacs for Heathens, Top
@node Frequently Asked Questions
- @comment node-name, next, previous, up
-
- @c @chapter Frequently Asked Questions
@section Frequently Asked Questions
- @cindex FAQ
- @cindex Frequently Asked Questions
-
- @c - Uncomment @chapter, comment @section
- @c - run (texinfo-every-node-update)
- @c - revert it.
@menu
! * FAQ - Introduction:: About Gnus and this FAQ.
! * FAQ 1 - Installation:: Installation of Gnus.
! * FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer:: Start up questions and the first
! buffer Gnus shows you.
! * FAQ 3 - Getting messages:: Making Gnus read your mail and news.
! * FAQ 4 - Reading messages:: How to efficiently read messages.
! * FAQ 5 - Composing messages:: Composing mails or Usenet postings.
! * FAQ 6 - Old messages:: Importing, archiving, searching
! and deleting messages.
! * FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment:: Reading mail and news while offline.
! * FAQ 8 - Getting help:: When this FAQ isn't enough.
! * FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus:: How to make Gnus faster.
! * FAQ - Glossary:: Terms used in the FAQ explained.
@end menu
-
@subheading Abstract
! This is the new Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list. If you have a
! Web browser, the official hypertext version is at
! @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}, the Docbook source is available from
! @uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnus/}.
!
! Please submit features and suggestions to the
! @email{faq-discuss@@my.gnus.org,FAQ discussion list}.
! The list is protected against junk mail with
! @uref{http://smarden.org/qconfirm/index.html,qconfirm, qconfirm}. As
! a subscriber, your submissions will automatically pass. You can
! also subscribe to the list by sending a blank email to
! @email{faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org}
! and
!
@uref{http://mail1.kens.com/cgi-bin/ezmlm-browse?command=monthbythread%26list=faq-discuss,browse
! the archive, browse the archive}.
!
! @node FAQ - Introduction, FAQ 1 - Installation, Frequently Asked Questions,
Frequently Asked Questions
! @comment node-name, next, previous, up
! @heading Introduction
- This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list.
- Gnus is a Usenet Newsreader and Electronic Mail User Agent implemented
- as a part of Emacs. It's been around in some form for almost a decade
- now, and has been distributed as a standard part of Emacs for much of
- that time. Gnus 5 is the latest (and greatest) incarnation. The
- original version was called GNUS, and was written by Masanobu UMEDA.
- When autumn crept up in '94, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen grew bored and
- decided to rewrite Gnus.
-
- Its biggest strength is the fact that it is extremely
- customizable. It is somewhat intimidating at first glance, but
- most of the complexity can be ignored until you're ready to take
- advantage of it. If you receive a reasonable volume of e-mail
- (you're on various mailing lists), or you would like to read
- high-volume mailing lists but cannot keep up with them, or read
- high volume newsgroups or are just bored, then Gnus is what you
- want.
-
- This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He
- would like to thank Steve Baur and Per Abrahamsen for doing a wonderful
- job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same - thanks,
- Justin!
-
! If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at:@*
! @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}.
! This version is much nicer than the unofficial hypertext
! versions that are archived at Utrecht, Oxford, Smart Pages, Ohio
! State, and other FAQ archives. See the resources question below
! if you want information on obtaining it in another format.
!
! The information contained here was compiled with the assistance
! of the Gnus development mailing list, and any errors or
! misprints are the my.gnus.org team's fault, sorry.
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 1 - Installation, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ -
Introduction, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
! @subsection Installation
@menu
! * [1.1]:: What is the latest version of Gnus?
! * [1.2]:: What's new in 5.10?
! * [1.3]:: Where and how to get Gnus?
! * [1.4]:: What to do with the tarball now?
! * [1.5]:: Which version of Emacs do I need?
! * [1.6]:: How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
@end menu
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [1.1], [1.2], FAQ 1 - Installation, FAQ 1 - Installation
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 1.1:
What is the latest version of Gnus?
! Answer:
! Jingle please: Gnus 5.10 is released, get it while it's
! hot! As well as the step in version number is rather
! small, Gnus 5.10 has tons of new features which you
! shouldn't miss, however if you are cautious, you might
! prefer to stay with 5.8.8 respectively 5.9 (they are
! basically the same) until some bugfix releases are out.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [1.2], [1.3], [1.1], FAQ 1 - Installation
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 1.2:
! What's new in 5.10?
! Answer:
! First of all, you should have a look into the file
! GNUS-NEWS in the toplevel directory of the Gnus tarball,
! there the most important changes are listed. Here's a
! short list of the changes I find especially
! important/interesting:
!
!
! @itemize @bullet{}
@item
! Major rewrite of the Gnus agent, Gnus agent is now
! active by default.
!
@item
! Many new article washing functions for dealing with
! ugly formatted articles.
!
@item
! Anti Spam features.
!
@item
! message-utils now included in Gnus.
!
@item
! New format specifiers for summary lines, e.g. %B for
! a complex trn-style thread tree.
!
@end itemize
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [1.3], [1.4], [1.2], FAQ 1 - Installation
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 1.3:
-
- Where and how to get Gnus?
-
- Answer:
! The latest released version of Gnus isn't included in
! Emacs 21 and until now it also isn't available through the
! package system of XEmacs 21.4, therefor you should get the
! Gnus tarball from
! @uref{http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz}
! or via anonymous FTP from
! @uref{ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz}.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [1.4], [1.5], [1.3], FAQ 1 - Installation
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 1.4:
! What to do with the tarball now?
!
! Answer:
! Untar it via @samp{tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz} and do the common
! @samp{./configure; make; make install} circle.
! (under MS-Windows either get the Cygwin environment from
! @uref{http://www.cygwin.com}
! which allows you to do what's described above or unpack the
! tarball with some packer (e.g. Winace from
! @uref{http://www.winace.com})
! and use the batch-file make.bat included in the tarball to install
! Gnus. If you don't want to (or aren't allowed to) install Gnus
! system-wide, you can install it in your home directory and add the
! following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el or ~/.emacs:
!
@example
(add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp")
--- 1,203 ----
! @c \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*-
! @c Uncomment 1st line before texing this file alone.
! @c %**start of header
! @c Copyright (C) 1995, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.
! @c
! @c Do not modify this file, it was generated from gnus-faq.xml, available from
! @c <URL:http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/>.
! @c
@setfilename gnus-faq.info
! @settitle Frequently Asked Questions
! @c %**end of header
! @c
@node Frequently Asked Questions
@section Frequently Asked Questions
@menu
! * FAQ - Changes::
! * FAQ - Introduction:: About Gnus and this FAQ.
! * FAQ 1 - Installation FAQ:: Installation of Gnus.
! * FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer:: Start up questions and the
! first buffer Gnus shows you.
! * FAQ 3 - Getting Messages:: Making Gnus read your mail
! and news.
! * FAQ 4 - Reading messages:: How to efficiently read
! messages.
! * FAQ 5 - Composing messages:: Composing mails or Usenet
! postings.
! * FAQ 6 - Old messages:: Importing, archiving,
! searching and deleting messages.
! * FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment:: Reading mail and news while
! offline.
! * FAQ 8 - Getting help:: When this FAQ isn't enough.
! * FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus:: How to make Gnus faster.
! * FAQ - Glossary:: Terms used in the FAQ
! explained.
@end menu
@subheading Abstract
! This is the new Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list.
! If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at
! @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/},
! the Docbook source is available from
! @uref{http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnus/, http://sourceforge.net}.
!
! Please submit features and suggestions to the
! @email{faq-discuss@@my.gnus.org, FAQ discussion list}.
! The list is protected against junk mail with
! @uref{http://smarden.org/qconfirm/index.html, qconfirm}. As
! a subscriber, your submissions will automatically pass. You can
! also subscribe to the list by sending a blank email to
! @email{faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org, faq-discuss-subscribe@@my.gnus.org}
! and
@uref{http://mail1.kens.com/cgi-bin/ezmlm-browse?command=monthbythread%26list=faq-discuss,
browse
! the archive}.
! @node FAQ - Changes
! @subheading Changes
! @itemize @bullet
!
! @item
! Updated FAQ to reflect release of Gnus 5.10 and start of
! No Gnus development.
! @end itemize
! @node FAQ - Introduction
! @subheading Introduction
+ This is the Gnus Frequently Asked Questions list.
! Gnus is a Usenet Newsreader and Electronic Mail User Agent implemented
! as a part of Emacs. It's been around in some form for almost a decade
! now, and has been distributed as a standard part of Emacs for much of
! that time. Gnus 5 is the latest (and greatest) incarnation. The
! original version was called GNUS, and was written by Masanobu UMEDA.
! When autumn crept up in '94, Lars Magne Ingebrigtsen grew bored and
! decided to rewrite Gnus.
!
! Its biggest strength is the fact that it is extremely
! customizable. It is somewhat intimidating at first glance, but
! most of the complexity can be ignored until you're ready to take
! advantage of it. If you receive a reasonable volume of e-mail
! (you're on various mailing lists), or you would like to read
! high-volume mailing lists but cannot keep up with them, or read
! high volume newsgroups or are just bored, then Gnus is what you
! want.
!
! This FAQ was maintained by Justin Sheehy until March 2002. He
! would like to thank Steve Baur and Per Abrahamsen for doing a wonderful
! job with this FAQ before him. We would like to do the same - thanks,
! Justin!
!
! If you have a Web browser, the official hypertext version is at:
! @uref{http://my.gnus.org/FAQ/}.
! This version is much nicer than the unofficial hypertext
! versions that are archived at Utrecht, Oxford, Smart Pages, Ohio
! State, and other FAQ archives. See the resources question below
! if you want information on obtaining it in another format.
!
! The information contained here was compiled with the assistance
! of the Gnus development mailing list, and any errors or
! misprints are the my.gnus.org team's fault, sorry.
!
! @node FAQ 1 - Installation FAQ
! @subsection Installation FAQ
@menu
! * [1.1]:: What is the latest version of Gnus?
! * [1.2]:: What's new in 5.10?
! * [1.3]:: Where and how to get Gnus?
! * [1.4]:: What to do with the tarball now?
! * [1.5]:: I sometimes read references to No Gnus and Oort Gnus, what
! are those?
! * [1.6]:: Which version of Emacs do I need?
! * [1.7]:: How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
@end menu
! @node [1.1]
! @subsubheading Question 1.1
What is the latest version of Gnus?
! @subsubheading Answer
! Jingle please: Gnus 5.10 is released, get it while it's
! hot! As well as the step in version number is rather
! small, Gnus 5.10 has tons of new features which you
! shouldn't miss. The current release (5.10.6) should be at
! least as stable as the latest release of the 5.8 series.
! @node [1.2]
! @subsubheading Question 1.2
! What's new in 5.10?
! @subsubheading Answer
! First of all, you should have a look into the file
! GNUS-NEWS in the toplevel directory of the Gnus tarball,
! there the most important changes are listed. Here's a
! short list of the changes I find especially
! important/interesting:
! @itemize @bullet
@item
! Major rewrite of the Gnus agent, Gnus agent is now
! active by default.
!
@item
! Many new article washing functions for dealing with
! ugly formatted articles.
!
@item
! Anti Spam features.
!
@item
! Message-utils now included in Gnus.
!
@item
! New format specifiers for summary lines, e.g. %B for
! a complex trn-style thread tree.
@end itemize
! @node [1.3]
! @subsubheading Question 1.3
! Where and how to get Gnus?
! @subsubheading Answer
! The latest released version of Gnus isn't included in
! Emacs 21, therefor you should get the Gnus tarball from
! @uref{http://www.gnus.org/dist/gnus.tar.gz}
! or via anonymous FTP from
! @uref{ftp://ftp.gnus.org/pub/gnus/gnus.tar.gz}.
! If you use XEmacs instead of Emacs you can use XEmacs'
! package system instead.
!
! @node [1.4]
! @subsubheading Question 1.4
!
! What to do with the tarball now?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Untar it via @samp{tar xvzf gnus.tar.gz} and do the common
! @samp{./configure; make; make install} circle.
! (under MS-Windows either get the Cygwin environment from
! @uref{http://www.cygwin.com}
! which allows you to do what's described above or unpack the
! tarball with some packer (e.g. Winace from
! @uref{http://www.winace.com})
! and use the batch-file make.bat included in the tarball to install
! Gnus.) If you don't want to (or aren't allowed to) install Gnus
! system-wide, you can install it in your home directory and add the
! following lines to your ~/.xemacs/init.el or ~/.emacs:
@example
(add-to-list 'load-path "/path/to/gnus/lisp")
***************
*** 212,647 ****
(add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")
(add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/"))
@end example
-
@noindent
! Make sure that you don't have any Gnus related stuff
! before this line, on MS Windows use something like
! "C:/path/to/lisp" (yes, "/").
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [1.5], [1.6], [1.4], FAQ 1 - Installation
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 1.5:
Which version of Emacs do I need?
! Answer:
! Gnus 5.10 requires an Emacs version that is greater
! than or equal to Emacs 20.7 or XEmacs 21.1.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [1.6], , [1.5], FAQ 1 - Installation
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 1.6:
How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
! Answer:
! You can't use the same copy of Gnus in both as the Lisp
! files are byte-compiled to a format which is different
! depending on which Emacs did the compilation. Get one copy
! of Gnus for Emacs and one for XEmacs.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 1 -
Installation, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
@subsection Startup / Group buffer
@menu
! * [2.1]:: Every time I start Gnus I get a message
! "Gnus auto-save file exists. Do you want to read it?",
! what does this mean and how to prevent it?
! * [2.2]:: Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to, what's
this?
! * [2.3]:: How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer?
! * [2.4]:: My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to sort my
! groups into categories so I can easier browse through them?
! * [2.5]:: How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to sort the
! groups in a topic?
@end menu
! @ifnottex
! @node [2.1], [2.2], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer, FAQ 2 - Startup / Group
buffer
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 2.1:
!
! Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save
! file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean
! and how to prevent it?
!
! Answer:
! This message means that the last time you used Gnus, it
! wasn't properly exited and therefor couldn't write its
! informations to disk (e.g. which messages you read), you
! are now asked if you want to restore those informations
! from the auto-save file.
!
! To prevent this message make sure you exit Gnus
! via @samp{q} in group buffer instead of
! just killing Emacs.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [2.2], [2.3], [2.1], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question: 2.2
! Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to,
! what's this?
!
! Answer:
! You get the message described in the q/a pair above while
! starting Gnus, right? It's an other symptom for the same
! problem, so read the answer above.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [2.3], [2.4], [2.2], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 2.3:
! How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer?
!
! Answer:
! You've got to tweak the value of the variable
! gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line
! Specification" for information on how to do this. An
! example for this (guess from whose .gnus :-)):
!
! @example
! (setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n")
!
! @end example
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [2.4], [2.5], [2.3], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 2.4:
!
! My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to
! sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse
! through them?
!
! Answer:
! Gnus offers the topic mode, it allows you to sort your
! groups in, well, topics, e.g. all groups dealing with
! Linux under the topic linux, all dealing with music under
! the topic music and all dealing with scottish music under
! the topic scottish which is a subtopic of music.
!
! To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now
! you can use @samp{T n} to create a topic
! at point and @samp{T m} to move a group to
! a specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the
! menu. You might want to include the %P specifier at the
! beginning of your gnus-group-line-format variable to have
! the groups nicely indented.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [2.5], , [2.4], FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 2.5:
! How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to
! sort the groups in a topic?
!
! Answer:
!
! Move point over the group you want to move and
! hit @samp{C-k}, now move point to the
! place where you want the group to be and
! hit @samp{C-y}.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 2 - Startup /
Group buffer, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
! @subsection Getting messages
@menu
! * [3.1]:: I just installed Gnus, started it via M-x gnus but it only says
! "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
! * [3.2]:: I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus means.
! * [3.3]:: My news server requires authentication, how to store user name
! and password on disk?
! * [3.4]:: Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to
! subscribe to a group.
! * [3.5]:: Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to
! post on this server as well as I am, what's that?
! * [3.6]:: I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible?
! * [3.7]:: And how about local spool files?
! * [3.8]:: OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail
! with Gnus, too. How to do it?
! * [3.9]:: And what about IMAP?
! * [3.10]:: At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers,
! can I use Gnus to read my mail from it?
! * [3.11]:: Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server
! it retrieves via POP3?
@end menu
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.1], [3.2], FAQ 3 - Getting messages, FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.1:
!
! I just installed Gnus, started it via
! @samp{M-x gnus}
! but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
!
!
! Answer:
! You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read
! the documentation for information on how to do this. As a
! first start, put those lines in ~/.gnus:
!
@example
(setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net"))
(setq user-mail-address "you@@yourprovider.net")
(setq user-full-name "Your Name")
@end example
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.2], [3.3], [3.1], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.2:
! I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus means.
!
! Answer:
! The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look for the
! configuration files. However, you don't really need to know what this
! means, it suffices that Emacs knows what it means :-) You can type
! @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET } (yes, with the forward slash, even on
! Windows), and Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most
! likely be new, and thus empty.) However, I'd discourage you from
! doing so, since the directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not be
! what you want, so let's do it the correct way. The first thing you've
! got to do is to create a suitable directory (no blanks in directory
! name please) e.g. @file{c:\myhome}. Then you must set the environment
! variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Win9x or Me include
! the line
!
! @example
SET HOME=C:\myhome
-
@end example
-
@noindent
- in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP,
- hit Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it
- doesn't work, go to Control Panel -> System). There you'll
- find the possibility to set environment variables, create
- a new one with name HOME and value @file{c:\myhome}, a reboot is
- not necessary.
-
! Now to create ~/.gnus, say
! @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus RET C-x C-s}.
! in Emacs.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.3], [3.4], [3.2], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.3:
! My news server requires authentication, how to store
! user name and password on disk?
!
! Answer:
! Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line like this
!
@example
machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword
@end example
-
@noindent
.
! Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you
! work on a OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix
! say
!
@example
chmod 600 ~/.authinfo
@end example
-
@noindent
- in a shell.)
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [3.4], [3.5], [3.3], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 3.4:
! Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to
! subscribe to a group.
!
! Answer:
! If you know the name of the group say @samp{U
! name.of.group RET} in group buffer (use the
! tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer,
! this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the
! cursor) over the server which carries the group you want,
! hit @samp{RET}, move point to the group
! you want to subscribe to and say @samp{u}
! to subscribe to it.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.5], [3.6], [3.4], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.5:
! Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to
! post on this server as well as I am, what's that?
!
! Answer:
! Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full
! access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo
! to those servers append
!
@example
force yes
@end example
-
-
@noindent
- to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo.
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.6], [3.7], [3.5], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.6:
! I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible?
!
! Answer:
! Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the
! variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like
! this in ~/.gnus:
!
@example
! (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
'(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net"))
! (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
! '(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net"))
@end example
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.7], [3.8], [3.6], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.7:
! And how about local spool files?
!
! Answer:
! No problem, this is just one more select method called
! nnspool, so you want this:
!
@example
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool ""))
@end example
-
@noindent
! Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source:
!
@example
(setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool ""))
@end example
-
@noindent
! Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you
! want something different, change the line above to something like this:
!
@example
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
! '(nnspool "" (nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir")))
@end example
-
@noindent
- This sets the spool directory for this server only.
- You might have to specify more stuff like the program used
- to post articles, see the Gnus manual on how to do this.
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [3.8], [3.9], [3.7], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 3.8:
-
- OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail
- with Gnus, too. How to do it?
-
-
- Answer:
! That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources
! for mail, many possible ways for storing mail and many
! different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are
! these: 1: You want to read your mail from a pop3 server and
! send them directly to a SMTP Server 2: Some program like
! fetchmail retrieves your mail and stores it on disk from
! where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by
! Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA. Sometimes, you even
! need a combination of the above cases.
!
!
! However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way
! it should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end
! to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most
! commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file
! and is therefor quite fast. However you might prefer a one
! file per group approach if your file system has problems with
! many small files, the nnfolder back end is then probably the
! choice for you. To use nnml add the following to ~/.gnus:
!
@example
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml ""))
@end example
-
@noindent
! As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's
!
@example
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder ""))
@end example
!
! Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get it's mail from. If
! it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this:
!
@example
(eval-after-load "mail-source"
--- 205,599 ----
(add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/")
(add-to-list 'Info-default-directory-list "/path/to/gnus/texi/"))
@end example
@noindent
!
! Make sure that you don't have any Gnus related stuff
! before this line, on MS Windows use something like
! "C:/path/to/lisp" (yes, "/").
!
! @node [1.5]
! @subsubheading Question 1.5
!
! I sometimes read references to No Gnus and Oort Gnus,
! what are those?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Oort Gnus was the name of the development version of
! Gnus, which became Gnus 5.10 in autumn 2003. No Gnus is
! the name of the current development version which will
! once become Gnus 5.12 or Gnus 6. (If you're wondering why
! not 5.11, the odd version numbers are normally used for
! the Gnus versions bundled with Emacs)
!
! @node [1.6]
! @subsubheading Question 1.6
Which version of Emacs do I need?
! @subsubheading Answer
! Gnus 5.10 requires an Emacs version that is greater
! than or equal to Emacs 20.7 or XEmacs 21.1. The
! development versions of Gnus (aka No Gnus) require Emacs
! 21 or XEmacs 21.4.
!
! @node [1.7]
! @subsubheading Question 1.7
How do I run Gnus on both Emacs and XEmacs?
! @subsubheading Answer
! You can't use the same copy of Gnus in both as the Lisp
! files are byte-compiled to a format which is different
! depending on which Emacs did the compilation. Get one copy
! of Gnus for Emacs and one for XEmacs.
!
! @node FAQ 2 - Startup / Group buffer
@subsection Startup / Group buffer
@menu
! * [2.1]:: Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save
! file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean and
! how to prevent it?
! * [2.2]:: Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to,
! what's this?
! * [2.3]:: How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer?
! * [2.4]:: My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to
! sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse through
! them?
! * [2.5]:: How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to
! sort the groups in a topic?
@end menu
! @node [2.1]
! @subsubheading Question 2.1
! Every time I start Gnus I get a message "Gnus auto-save
! file exists. Do you want to read it?", what does this mean
! and how to prevent it?
! @subsubheading Answer
! This message means that the last time you used Gnus, it
! wasn't properly exited and therefor couldn't write its
! informations to disk (e.g. which messages you read), you
! are now asked if you want to restore those informations
! from the auto-save file.
! To prevent this message make sure you exit Gnus
! via @samp{q} in group buffer instead of
! just killing Emacs.
! @node [2.2]
! @subsubheading Question 2.2
! Gnus doesn't remember which groups I'm subscribed to,
! what's this?
! @subsubheading Answer
! You get the message described in the q/a pair above while
! starting Gnus, right? It's an other symptom for the same
! problem, so read the answer above.
! @node [2.3]
! @subsubheading Question 2.3
! How to change the format of the lines in Group buffer?
! @subsubheading Answer
! You've got to tweak the value of the variable
! gnus-group-line-format. See the manual node "Group Line
! Specification" for information on how to do this. An
! example for this (guess from whose .gnus :-)):
! @example
! (setq gnus-group-line-format "%P%M%S[%5t]%5y : %(%g%)\n")
! @end example
! @noindent
! @node [2.4]
! @subsubheading Question 2.4
! My group buffer becomes a bit crowded, is there a way to
! sort my groups into categories so I can easier browse
! through them?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Gnus offers the topic mode, it allows you to sort your
! groups in, well, topics, e.g. all groups dealing with
! Linux under the topic linux, all dealing with music under
! the topic music and all dealing with scottish music under
! the topic scottish which is a subtopic of music.
!
! To enter topic mode, just hit t while in Group buffer. Now
! you can use @samp{T n} to create a topic
! at point and @samp{T m} to move a group to
! a specific topic. For more commands see the manual or the
! menu. You might want to include the %P specifier at the
! beginning of your gnus-group-line-format variable to have
! the groups nicely indented.
!
! @node [2.5]
! @subsubheading Question 2.5
!
! How to manually sort the groups in Group buffer? How to
! sort the groups in a topic?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Move point over the group you want to move and
! hit @samp{C-k}, now move point to the
! place where you want the group to be and
! hit @samp{C-y}.
! @node FAQ 3 - Getting Messages
! @subsection Getting Messages
@menu
! * [3.1]:: I just installed Gnus, started it via @samp{M-x gnus}
! but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
! * [3.2]:: I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus.el
! means.
! * [3.3]:: My news server requires authentication, how to store user
! name and password on disk?
! * [3.4]:: Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to
! subscribe to a group.
! * [3.5]:: Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed
! to post on this server as well as I am, what's that?
! * [3.6]:: I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this
! possible?
! * [3.7]:: And how about local spool files?
! * [3.8]:: OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read
! my mail with Gnus, too. How to do it?
! * [3.9]:: And what about IMAP?
! * [3.10]:: At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can
! I use Gnus to read my mail from it?
! * [3.11]:: Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it
! retrieves via POP3?
@end menu
! @node [3.1]
! @subsubheading Question 3.1
! I just installed Gnus, started it via
! @samp{M-x gnus}
! but it only says "nntp (news) open error", what to do?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! You've got to tell Gnus where to fetch the news from. Read
! the documentation for information on how to do this. As a
! first start, put those lines in ~/.gnus.el:
@example
(setq gnus-select-method '(nntp "news.yourprovider.net"))
(setq user-mail-address "you@@yourprovider.net")
(setq user-full-name "Your Name")
@end example
! @noindent
! @node [3.2]
! @subsubheading Question 3.2
! I'm working under Windows and have no idea what ~/.gnus.el means.
! @subsubheading Answer
! The ~/ means the home directory where Gnus and Emacs look
! for the configuration files. However, you don't really
! need to know what this means, it suffices that Emacs knows
! what it means :-) You can type
! @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus.el RET }
! (yes, with the forward slash, even on Windows), and
! Emacs will open the right file for you. (It will most
! likely be new, and thus empty.)
! However, I'd discourage you from doing so, since the
! directory Emacs chooses will most certainly not be what
! you want, so let's do it the correct way.
! The first thing you've got to do is to
! create a suitable directory (no blanks in directory name
! please) e.g. c:\myhome. Then you must set the environment
! variable HOME to this directory. To do this under Win9x
! or Me include the line
+ @example
SET HOME=C:\myhome
@end example
@noindent
! in your autoexec.bat and reboot. Under NT, 2000 and XP,
! hit Winkey+Pause/Break to enter system options (if it
! doesn't work, go to Control Panel -> System). There you'll
! find the possibility to set environment variables, create
! a new one with name HOME and value C:\myhome, a reboot is
! not necessary.
!
! Now to create ~/.gnus.el, say
! @samp{C-x C-f ~/.gnus.el RET C-x C-s}.
! in Emacs.
!
! @node [3.3]
! @subsubheading Question 3.3
! My news server requires authentication, how to store
! user name and password on disk?
! @subsubheading Answer
! Create a file ~/.authinfo which includes for each server a line like this
@example
machine news.yourprovider.net login YourUserName password YourPassword
@end example
@noindent
.
! Make sure that the file isn't readable to others if you
! work on a OS which is capable of doing so. (Under Unix
! say
@example
chmod 600 ~/.authinfo
@end example
@noindent
! in a shell.)
! @node [3.4]
! @subsubheading Question 3.4
! Gnus seems to start up OK, but I can't find out how to
! subscribe to a group.
! @subsubheading Answer
! If you know the name of the group say @samp{U
! name.of.group RET} in group buffer (use the
! tab-completion Luke). Otherwise hit ^ in group buffer,
! this brings you to the server buffer. Now place point (the
! cursor) over the server which carries the group you want,
! hit @samp{RET}, move point to the group
! you want to subscribe to and say @samp{u}
! to subscribe to it.
! @node [3.5]
! @subsubheading Question 3.5
!
! Gnus doesn't show all groups / Gnus says I'm not allowed to
! post on this server as well as I am, what's that?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Some providers allow restricted anonymous access and full
! access only after authorization. To make Gnus send authinfo
! to those servers append
@example
force yes
@end example
@noindent
! to the line for those servers in ~/.authinfo.
! @node [3.6]
! @subsubheading Question 3.6
! I want Gnus to fetch news from several servers, is this possible?
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Of course. You can specify more sources for articles in the
! variable gnus-secondary-select-methods. Add something like
! this in ~/.gnus.el:
@example
! (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
'(nntp "news.yourSecondProvider.net"))
! (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
! '(nntp "news.yourThirdProvider.net"))
@end example
! @noindent
! @node [3.7]
! @subsubheading Question 3.7
! And how about local spool files?
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! No problem, this is just one more select method called
! nnspool, so you want this:
@example
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnspool ""))
@end example
@noindent
!
! Or this if you don't want an NNTP Server as primary news source:
@example
(setq gnus-select-method '(nnspool ""))
@end example
@noindent
!
! Gnus will look for the spool file in /usr/spool/news, if you
! want something different, change the line above to something like this:
@example
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
! '(nnspool ""
! (nnspool-directory "/usr/local/myspoolddir")))
@end example
@noindent
! This sets the spool directory for this server only.
! You might have to specify more stuff like the program used
! to post articles, see the Gnus manual on how to do this.
!
! @node [3.8]
! @subsubheading Question 3.8
!
! OK, reading news works now, but I want to be able to read my mail
! with Gnus, too. How to do it?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! That's a bit harder since there are many possible sources
! for mail, many possible ways for storing mail and many
! different ways for sending mail. The most common cases are
! these: 1: You want to read your mail from a pop3 server and
! send them directly to a SMTP Server 2: Some program like
! fetchmail retrieves your mail and stores it on disk from
! where Gnus shall read it. Outgoing mail is sent by
! Sendmail, Postfix or some other MTA. Sometimes, you even
! need a combination of the above cases.
!
! However, the first thing to do is to tell Gnus in which way
! it should store the mail, in Gnus terminology which back end
! to use. Gnus supports many different back ends, the most
! commonly used one is nnml. It stores every mail in one file
! and is therefor quite fast. However you might prefer a one
! file per group approach if your file system has problems with
! many small files, the nnfolder back end is then probably the
! choice for you. To use nnml add the following to ~/.gnus.el:
@example
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnml ""))
@end example
@noindent
!
! As you might have guessed, if you want nnfolder, it's
@example
(add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods '(nnfolder ""))
@end example
! @noindent
! Now we need to tell Gnus, where to get it's mail from. If
! it's a POP3 server, then you need something like this:
@example
(eval-after-load "mail-source"
***************
*** 649,723 ****
:user "yourUserName"
:password "yourPassword")))
@end example
-
@noindent
! Make sure ~/.gnus isn't readable to others if you store
! your password there. If you want to read your mail from a
! traditional spool file on your local machine, it's
!
@example
(eval-after-load "mail-source"
! '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file")))
@end example
-
@noindent
! If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by
! postfix, Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's
!
@example
(eval-after-load "mail-source"
'(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/"
:subdirs ("cur" "new")))
@end example
-
@noindent
! And finally if you want to read your mail from several files
! in one directory, for example because procmail already split your
! mail, it's
!
@example
(eval-after-load "mail-source"
! '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/"
! :suffix ".prcml"))
@end example
-
@noindent
- Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the
- suffix .prcml.
-
! OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you
! want to send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing
! the role of sendmail on your system), you don't need to do
! anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an
! SMTP Server you need the following in your ~/.gnus
!
@example
(setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
(setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
(setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net")
@end example
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.9], [3.10], [3.8], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.9:
! And what about IMAP?
!
! Answer:
! There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is
! to use IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from
! the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do
! this (you don't really want to do this) add the following to
! ~/.gnus
!
@example
(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com"
--- 601,668 ----
:user "yourUserName"
:password "yourPassword")))
@end example
@noindent
!
! Make sure ~/.gnus.el isn't readable to others if you store
! your password there. If you want to read your mail from a
! traditional spool file on your local machine, it's
@example
(eval-after-load "mail-source"
! '(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(file :path "/path/to/spool/file"))
@end example
@noindent
!
! If it's a Maildir, with one file per message as used by
! postfix, Qmail and (optionally) fetchmail it's
@example
(eval-after-load "mail-source"
'(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(maildir :path "/path/to/Maildir/"
:subdirs ("cur" "new")))
@end example
@noindent
!
! And finally if you want to read your mail from several files
! in one directory, for example because procmail already split your
! mail, it's
@example
(eval-after-load "mail-source"
! '(add-to-list 'mail-sources
! '(directory :path "/path/to/procmail-dir/"
! :suffix ".prcml")))
@end example
@noindent
! Where :suffix ".prcml" tells Gnus only to use files with the
! suffix .prcml.
!
! OK, now you only need to tell Gnus how to send mail. If you
! want to send mail via sendmail (or whichever MTA is playing
! the role of sendmail on your system), you don't need to do
! anything. However, if you want to send your mail to an
! SMTP Server you need the following in your ~/.gnus.el
@example
(setq send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
(setq message-send-mail-function 'smtpmail-send-it)
(setq smtpmail-default-smtp-server "smtp.yourProvider.net")
@end example
! @noindent
! @node [3.9]
! @subsubheading Question 3.9
! And what about IMAP?
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! There are two ways of using IMAP with Gnus. The first one is
! to use IMAP like POP3, that means Gnus fetches the mail from
! the IMAP server and stores it on disk. If you want to do
! this (you don't really want to do this) add the following to
! ~/.gnus.el
@example
(add-to-list 'mail-sources '(imap :server "mail.mycorp.com"
***************
*** 728,976 ****
:mailbox "INBOX"
:fetchflag "\\Seen"))
@end example
-
@noindent
- You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or
- authentification, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source
- Specifiers" for possible values.
-
! If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to
! follow a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap
! back end to your select method and give the information
! about the server there.
!
@example
! (add-to-list
! 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
! '(nnimap "Give the baby a name"
! (nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net")
! (nnimap-port 143)
! (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*")))
@end example
-
@noindent
- Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the
- server if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual
- Node "IMAP" for detailed information.
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [3.10], [3.11], [3.9], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 3.10:
! At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use
! Gnus to read my mail from it?
!
! Answer:
!
! Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for
! activating IMAP on the server and follow the instructions
! above.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [3.11], , [3.10], FAQ 3 - Getting messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 3.11:
!
! Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it
! retrieves via POP3?
!
!
! Answer:
!
! First of all, that's not the way POP3 is intended to work,
! if you have the possibility, you should use the IMAP
! Protocol if you want your messages to stay on the
! server. Nevertheless there might be situations where you
! need the feature, but sadly Gnus itself has no predefined
! functionality to do so.
!
!
! However this is Gnus county so there are possibilities to
! achieve what you want. The easiest way is to get an external
! program which retrieves copies of the mail and stores them
! on disk, so Gnus can read it from there. On Unix systems you
! could use e.g. fetchmail for this, on MS Windows you can use
! Hamster, an excellent local news and mail server.
!
!
! The other solution would be, to replace the method Gnus
! uses to get mail from POP3 servers by one which is capable
! of leaving the mail on the server. If you use XEmacs, get
! the package mail-lib, it includes an enhanced pop3.el,
! look in the file, there's documentation on how to tell
! Gnus to use it and not to delete the retrieved mail. For
! GNU Emacs look for the file epop3.el which can do the same
! (If you know the home of this file, please send me an
! e-mail). You can also tell Gnus to use an external program
! (e.g. fetchmail) to fetch your mail, see the info node
! "Mail Source Specifiers" in the Gnus manual on how to do
! it.
!
!
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 3 - Getting
messages, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
@subsection Reading messages
@menu
! * [4.1]:: When I enter a group, all read messages are gone.
! How to view them again?
! * [4.2]:: How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time
! I enter a group, even when it's read?
! * [4.3]:: How to view the headers of a message?
! * [4.4]:: How to view the raw unformatted message?
! * [4.5]:: How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at the
! top of the article buffer?
! * [4.6]:: I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
! text part if it's available. How to do it?
! * [4.7]:: Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails?
! * [4.8]:: Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails
! more readable?
! * [4.9]:: Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific authors
! or with specific words in the subject? And can I highlight more
! interesting ones in some way?
! * [4.10]:: How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set
! other variables specific for some groups?
! * [4.11]:: Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to those?
! * [4.12]:: The number of total messages in a group which Gnus displays in
! group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail groups.
! Is this a bug?
! * [4.13]:: I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer,
! how to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
! * [4.14]:: I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it?
! * [4.15]:: How to split incoming mails in several groups?
@end menu
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.1], [4.2], FAQ 4 - Reading messages, FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.1:
! When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again?
!
! Answer:
! If you enter the group by saying
! @samp{RET}
! in group buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages
are loaded. Say
! @samp{C-u RET}
! instead to load all available messages. If you want only the e.g. 300 newest
say
! @samp{C-u 300 RET}
!
! Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded view
enabled, say
!
@example
(setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some)
@end example
-
-
@noindent
- in ~/.gnus to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads, replace
'some with t to load
- all articles (Warning: Both settings enlarge the amount of data which is
- fetched when you enter a group and slow down the process of entering a
group).
! If you already use Gnus 5.10, you can say
! @samp{/o N}
! In summary buffer to load the last N messages, this feature is not available
in 5.8.8
!
! If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message you're
just reading,
! you can say @samp{^}, if you want to retrieve the whole thread
! the message you're just reading belongs to, @samp{A T} is your friend.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.2], [4.3], [4.1], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.2:
! How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I
! enter a group, even when it's read?
!
! Answer:
! You can tick important messages. To do this hit
! @samp{u} while point is in summary buffer
! over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit
! either @samp{d} (this deletes the tick
! mark and set's unread mark) or @samp{M c}
! (which deletes all marks for the message).
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.3], [4.4], [4.2], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.3:
! How to view the headers of a message?
!
! Answer:
! Say @samp{t}
! to show all headers, one more
! @samp{t}
! hides them again.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.4], [4.5], [4.3], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.4:
! How to view the raw unformatted message?
!
! Answer:
! Say
! @samp{C-u g}
! to show the raw message
! @samp{g}
! returns to normal view.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.5], [4.6], [4.4], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.5:
! How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at
! the top of the article buffer?
!
! Answer:
- The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers
- are shown, its value is a regular expression, header lines
- which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject,
- date, and if the header exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA
- say this in ~/.gnus:
-
@example
! (setq gnus-visible-headers
! "^\\(From:\\|Subject:\\|Date:\\|Followup-To:\
! \\|X-Newsreader:\\|User-Agent:\\|X-Mailer:\\)")
@end example
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.6], [4.7], [4.5], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.6:
! I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
! text part if it's available. How to do it?
!
! Answer:
! Say
!
@example
(eval-after-load "mm-decode"
--- 673,887 ----
:mailbox "INBOX"
:fetchflag "\\Seen"))
@end example
@noindent
! You might have to tweak the values for stream and/or
! authentification, see the Gnus manual node "Mail Source
! Specifiers" for possible values.
!
! If you want to use IMAP the way it's intended, you've got to
! follow a different approach. You've got to add the nnimap
! back end to your select method and give the information
! about the server there.
@example
! (add-to-list 'gnus-secondary-select-methods
! '(nnimap "Give the baby a name"
! (nnimap-address "imap.yourProvider.net")
! (nnimap-port 143)
! (nnimap-list-pattern "archive.*")))
@end example
@noindent
! Again, you might have to specify how to authenticate to the
! server if Gnus can't guess the correct way, see the Manual
! Node "IMAP" for detailed information.
!
! @node [3.10]
! @subsubheading Question 3.10
!
! At the office we use one of those MS Exchange servers, can I use
! Gnus to read my mail from it?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Offer your administrator a pair of new running shoes for
! activating IMAP on the server and follow the instructions
! above.
!
! @node [3.11]
! @subsubheading Question 3.11
!
! Can I tell Gnus not to delete the mails on the server it
! retrieves via POP3?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! First of all, that's not the way POP3 is intended to work,
! if you have the possibility, you should use the IMAP
! Protocol if you want your messages to stay on the
! server. Nevertheless there might be situations where you
! need the feature, but sadly Gnus itself has no predefined
! functionality to do so.
!
! However this is Gnus county so there are possibilities to
! achieve what you want. The easiest way is to get an external
! program which retrieves copies of the mail and stores them
! on disk, so Gnus can read it from there. On Unix systems you
! could use e.g. fetchmail for this, on MS Windows you can use
! Hamster, an excellent local news and mail server.
!
! The other solution would be, to replace the method Gnus
! uses to get mail from POP3 servers by one which is capable
! of leaving the mail on the server. If you use XEmacs, get
! the package mail-lib, it includes an enhanced pop3.el,
! look in the file, there's documentation on how to tell
! Gnus to use it and not to delete the retrieved mail. For
! GNU Emacs look for the file epop3.el which can do the same
! (If you know the home of this file, please send me an
! e-mail). You can also tell Gnus to use an external program
! (e.g. fetchmail) to fetch your mail, see the info node
! "Mail Source Specifiers" in the Gnus manual on how to do
! it.
! @node FAQ 4 - Reading messages
@subsection Reading messages
@menu
! * [4.1]:: When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to
! view them again?
! * [4.2]:: How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I
! enter a group, even when it's read?
! * [4.3]:: How to view the headers of a message?
! * [4.4]:: How to view the raw unformatted message?
! * [4.5]:: How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at
! the top of the article buffer?
! * [4.6]:: I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
! text part if it's available. How to do it?
! * [4.7]:: Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my
! HTML-mails?
! * [4.8]:: Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails
! more readable?
! * [4.9]:: Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific
! authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I
highlight
! more interesting ones in some way?
! * [4.10]:: How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups,
! or set other variables specific for some groups?
! * [4.11]:: Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to
! those?
! * [4.12]:: The number of total messages in a group which Gnus
! displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in mail
! groups. Is this a bug?
! * [4.13]:: I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how
! to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
! * [4.14]:: I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to
! tweak it?
! * [4.15]:: How to split incoming mails in several groups?
@end menu
! @node [4.1]
! @subsubheading Question 4.1
! When I enter a group, all read messages are gone. How to view them again?
! @subsubheading Answer
! If you enter the group by saying
! @samp{RET}
! in group buffer with point over the group, only unread and ticked messages
are loaded. Say
! @samp{C-u RET}
! instead to load all available messages. If you want only the e.g. 300 newest
say
! @samp{C-u 300 RET}
! Loading only unread messages can be annoying if you have threaded view
enabled, say
@example
(setq gnus-fetch-old-headers 'some)
@end example
@noindent
+ in ~/.gnus.el to load enough old articles to prevent teared threads, replace
'some with t to load
+ all articles (Warning: Both settings enlarge the amount of data which is
+ fetched when you enter a group and slow down the process of entering a group).
! If you already use Gnus 5.10, you can say
! @samp{/o N}
! In summary buffer to load the last N messages, this feature is not available
in 5.8.8
! If you don't want all old messages, but the parent of the message you're just
reading,
! you can say @samp{^}, if you want to retrieve the whole thread
! the message you're just reading belongs to, @samp{A T} is your friend.
! @node [4.2]
! @subsubheading Question 4.2
! How to tell Gnus to show an important message every time I
! enter a group, even when it's read?
! @subsubheading Answer
! You can tick important messages. To do this hit
! @samp{u} while point is in summary buffer
! over the message. When you want to remove the mark, hit
! either @samp{d} (this deletes the tick
! mark and set's unread mark) or @samp{M c}
! (which deletes all marks for the message).
! @node [4.3]
! @subsubheading Question 4.3
! How to view the headers of a message?
! @subsubheading Answer
! Say @samp{t}
! to show all headers, one more
! @samp{t}
! hides them again.
! @node [4.4]
! @subsubheading Question 4.4
! How to view the raw unformatted message?
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Say
! @samp{C-u g}
! to show the raw message
! @samp{g}
! returns to normal view.
!
! @node [4.5]
! @subsubheading Question 4.5
!
! How can I change the headers Gnus displays by default at
! the top of the article buffer?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! The variable gnus-visible-headers controls which headers
! are shown, its value is a regular expression, header lines
! which match it are shown. So if you want author, subject,
! date, and if the header exists, Followup-To and MUA / NUA
! say this in ~/.gnus.el:
@example
! (setq gnus-visible-headers
! '("^From" "^Subject" "^Date" "^Newsgroups" "^Followup-To"
! "^User-Agent" "^X-Newsreader" "^X-Mailer"))
@end example
! @noindent
! @node [4.6]
! @subsubheading Question 4.6
! I'd like Gnus NOT to render HTML-mails but show me the
! text part if it's available. How to do it?
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Say
@example
(eval-after-load "mm-decode"
***************
*** 978,1217 ****
(add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html")
(add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext")))
@end example
-
@noindent
! in ~/.gnus. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text
alternative add
!
@example
(setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display))
@end example
-
@noindent
- too.
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [4.7], [4.8], [4.6], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 4.7:
! Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails?
!
! Answer:
! Only if you use Gnus 5.10 or younger. In this case you've got the
! choice between w3, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which
! one is used can be specified in the variable
! mm-text-html-renderer, so if you want links to render your
! mail say
!
@example
(setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links)
@end example
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.8], [4.9], [4.7], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.8:
!
! Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails
! more readable?
!
!
! Answer:
!
! Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail,
! you can find them if you browse through the menu, item Article->Washing. The
most
! interesting ones are probably "Wrap long lines" (
! @samp{W w}
! ), "Decode ROT13" (
! @samp{W r}
! ) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs the dumb quoting used
! by many users of Microsoft products (
! @samp{W Y f} gives you full deuglify.
! See @samp{W Y C-h} or
! have a look at the menus for other deuglifications).
! Outlook deuglify is only available since Gnus 5.10.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.9], [4.10], [4.8], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.9:
!
! Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific
! authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I
! highlight more interesting ones in some way?
!
! Answer:
! You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules
! which assign each message an integer value. Depending on
! the value the message is highlighted in summary buffer (if
! it's high, say +2000) or automatically marked read (if the
! value is low, say -800) or some other action happens.
!
! There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign
! the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set
! up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're
! reading a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want
! to ignore his messages in the future. Hit
! @samp{L}, to set up a rule which lowers the score.
! Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering the Score shall
! be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities,
! we want @samp{a} which means the author (the from
! header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want.
! Hit either @samp{e} for an exact match or
! @samp{s} for substring-match and delete afterwards
! everything but the name to score down all authors with the given
! name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell
! Gnus when to apply the rule and how long it should last, hit e.g.
! @samp{p} to apply the rule now and let it last
! forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say
! @samp{I} instead of @samp{L}.
!
! You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V
! f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name
! of the score file, it's name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in
! only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the
! Gnus manual for the exact syntax, basically it's one big list
! whose elements are lists again. the first element of those lists
! is the header to score on, then one more list with what to match,
! which score to assign, when to expire the rule and how to do the
! matching. If you find me very interesting, you could e.g. add the
! following to your all.Score:
!
@example
(("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s))
("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s)))
@end example
-
@noindent
- This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me
- and 500 to the score of messages which are a (possibly
- indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course
- nobody with a sane mind would do this :-)
-
! The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus
! watches you and tries to find out what you find
! interesting and what annoying and sets up rules
! which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help
! when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate
! adaptive scoring say
!
@example
(setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t)
@end example
-
@noindent
- in ~/.gnus.
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [4.10], [4.11], [4.9], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 4.10:
-
- How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or
- set other variables specific for some groups?
-
-
- Answer:
-
- While in group buffer move point over the group and hit
- @samp{G c}, this opens a buffer where you
- can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer
- you'll find an item that allows you to set variables
- locally for the group. To disable threading enter
- gnus-show-threads as name of variable and nil as
- value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when
- you're ready.
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [4.11], [4.12], [4.10], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 4.11:
-
- Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to
- those?
-
-
- Answer:
-
- Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes
- in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we
- make faces (specifications of how summary-line shall look
- like) for those postings, then we'll give them some
- special score and finally we'll tell Gnus to use the new
- faces. You can find detailed instructions on how to do it on
-
@uref{http://my.gnus.org/Members/dzimmerm/HowTo%2C2002-07-25%2C1027619165012198456/view,my.gnus.org}
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [4.12], [4.13], [4.11], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 4.12:
-
- The number of total messages in a group which Gnus
- displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in
- mail groups. Is this a bug?
-
-
- Answer:
-
- No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would
- mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus'
- back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number -
- lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles". This
- works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move
- many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the
- symptom, enter the group via @samp{C-u RET}
- (this makes Gnus get all messages), then
- hit @samp{M P b} to mark all messages and
- then say @samp{B m name.of.group} to move
- all messages to the group they have been in before, they
- get new message numbers in this process and the count is
- right again (until you delete and move your mail to other
- groups again).
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [4.13], [4.14], [4.12], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 4.13:
! I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how
! to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
!
! Answer:
! You can control the windows configuration by calling the
! function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit
! complicated but explained very well in the manual node
! "Window Layout". Some popular examples:
!
! Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65%
! article (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining
! space"):
!
@example
! (gnus-add-configuration
! '(article (vertical 1.0
! (summary .35 point)
! (article 1.0))))
@end example
!
! A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary
! buffer top-right, article buffer bottom-right:
!
@example
(gnus-add-configuration
--- 889,1094 ----
(add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/html")
(add-to-list 'mm-discouraged-alternatives "text/richtext")))
@end example
@noindent
!
! in ~/.gnus.el. If you don't want HTML rendered, even if there's no text
alternative add
@example
(setq mm-automatic-display (remove "text/html" mm-automatic-display))
@end example
@noindent
! too.
! @node [4.7]
! @subsubheading Question 4.7
! Can I use some other browser than w3 to render my HTML-mails?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Only if you use Gnus 5.10 or younger. In this case you've got the
! choice between w3, w3m, links, lynx and html2text, which
! one is used can be specified in the variable
! mm-text-html-renderer, so if you want links to render your
! mail say
@example
(setq mm-text-html-renderer 'links)
@end example
! @noindent
! @node [4.8]
! @subsubheading Question 4.8
! Is there anything I can do to make poorly formatted mails
! more readable?
! @subsubheading Answer
! Gnus offers you several functions to "wash" incoming mail, you can
! find them if you browse through the menu, item
! Article->Washing. The most interesting ones are probably "Wrap
! long lines" (@samp{W w}), "Decode ROT13"
! (@samp{W r}) and "Outlook Deuglify" which repairs
! the dumb quoting used by many users of Microsoft products
! (@samp{W Y f} gives you full deuglify.
! See @samp{W Y C-h} or have a look at the menus for
! other deuglifications). Outlook deuglify is only available since
! Gnus 5.10.
!
! @node [4.9]
! @subsubheading Question 4.9
!
! Is there a way to automatically ignore posts by specific
! authors or with specific words in the subject? And can I
! highlight more interesting ones in some way?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! You want Scoring. Scoring means, that you define rules
! which assign each message an integer value. Depending on
! the value the message is highlighted in summary buffer (if
! it's high, say +2000) or automatically marked read (if the
! value is low, say -800) or some other action happens.
!
! There are basically three ways of setting up rules which assign
! the scoring-value to messages. The first and easiest way is to set
! up rules based on the article you are just reading. Say you're
! reading a message by a guy who always writes nonsense and you want
! to ignore his messages in the future. Hit
! @samp{L}, to set up a rule which lowers the score.
! Now Gnus asks you which the criteria for lowering the Score shall
! be. Hit @samp{?} twice to see all possibilities,
! we want @samp{a} which means the author (the from
! header). Now Gnus wants to know which kind of matching we want.
! Hit either @samp{e} for an exact match or
! @samp{s} for substring-match and delete afterwards
! everything but the name to score down all authors with the given
! name no matter which email address is used. Now you need to tell
! Gnus when to apply the rule and how long it should last, hit e.g.
! @samp{p} to apply the rule now and let it last
! forever. If you want to raise the score instead of lowering it say
! @samp{I} instead of @samp{L}.
!
! You can also set up rules by hand. To do this say @samp{V
! f} in summary buffer. Then you are asked for the name
! of the score file, it's name.of.group.SCORE for rules valid in
! only one group or all.Score for rules valid in all groups. See the
! Gnus manual for the exact syntax, basically it's one big list
! whose elements are lists again. the first element of those lists
! is the header to score on, then one more list with what to match,
! which score to assign, when to expire the rule and how to do the
! matching. If you find me very interesting, you could e.g. add the
! following to your all.Score:
@example
(("references" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 500 nil s))
("message-id" ("hschmi22.userfqdn.rz-online.de" 999 nil s)))
@end example
@noindent
! This would add 999 to the score of messages written by me
! and 500 to the score of messages which are a (possibly
! indirect) answer to a message written by me. Of course
! nobody with a sane mind would do this :-)
!
! The third alternative is adaptive scoring. This means Gnus
! watches you and tries to find out what you find
! interesting and what annoying and sets up rules
! which reflect this. Adaptive scoring can be a huge help
! when reading high traffic groups. If you want to activate
! adaptive scoring say
@example
(setq gnus-use-adaptive-scoring t)
@end example
@noindent
! in ~/.gnus.el.
! @node [4.10]
! @subsubheading Question 4.10
! How can I disable threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or
! set other variables specific for some groups?
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! While in group buffer move point over the group and hit
! @samp{G c}, this opens a buffer where you
! can set options for the group. At the bottom of the buffer
! you'll find an item that allows you to set variables
! locally for the group. To disable threading enter
! gnus-show-threads as name of variable and nil as
! value. Hit button done at the top of the buffer when
! you're ready.
!
! @node [4.11]
! @subsubheading Question 4.11
!
! Can I highlight messages written by me and follow-ups to
! those?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Stop those "Can I ..." questions, the answer is always yes
! in Gnus Country :-). It's a three step process: First we
! make faces (specifications of how summary-line shall look
! like) for those postings, then we'll give them some
! special score and finally we'll tell Gnus to use the new
! faces. You can find detailed instructions on how to do it on
! @uref{http://my.gnus.org/node/view/224, my.gnus.org}
!
! @node [4.12]
! @subsubheading Question 4.12
!
! The number of total messages in a group which Gnus
! displays in group buffer is by far to high, especially in
! mail groups. Is this a bug?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! No, that's a matter of design of Gnus, fixing this would
! mean reimplementation of major parts of Gnus'
! back ends. Gnus thinks "highest-article-number -
! lowest-article-number = total-number-of-articles". This
! works OK for Usenet groups, but if you delete and move
! many messages in mail groups, this fails. To cure the
! symptom, enter the group via @samp{C-u RET}
! (this makes Gnus get all messages), then
! hit @samp{M P b} to mark all messages and
! then say @samp{B m name.of.group} to move
! all messages to the group they have been in before, they
! get new message numbers in this process and the count is
! right again (until you delete and move your mail to other
! groups again).
!
! @node [4.13]
! @subsubheading Question 4.13
!
! I don't like the layout of summary and article buffer, how
! to change it? Perhaps even a three pane display?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! You can control the windows configuration by calling the
! function gnus-add-configuration. The syntax is a bit
! complicated but explained very well in the manual node
! "Window Layout". Some popular examples:
!
! Instead 25% summary 75% article buffer 35% summary and 65%
! article (the 1.0 for article means "take the remaining
! space"):
@example
! (gnus-add-configuration
! '(article (vertical 1.0 (summary .35 point) (article 1.0))))
@end example
! @noindent
! A three pane layout, Group buffer on the left, summary
! buffer top-right, article buffer bottom-right:
@example
(gnus-add-configuration
***************
*** 1228,1273 ****
(vertical 25
(group 1.0))
(vertical 1.0
! (summary 1.0 point)))))
@end example
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.14], [4.15], [4.13], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.14:
! I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it?
!
! Answer:
! You've got to play around with the variable
! gnus-summary-line-format. It's value is a string of
! symbols which stand for things like author, date, subject
! etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the
! manual node "Summary Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten
! node "Formatting Variables" and it's sub-nodes. There
! you'll find useful things like positioning the cursor and
! tabulators which allow you a summary in table form, but
! sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8.
!
! Since 5.10, Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers,
! e.g. %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which
! gives you a date where the details are dependent of the
! articles age. Here's an example which uses both:
!
@example
! (setq gnus-summary-line-format
! ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date; \n")
@end example
-
@noindent
- resulting in:
-
! @smallexample
:O Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt
|Sat 23:06
:O Re: Revival of the ding-patches list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt
|Sat 23:12
:R > Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro| 25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt
|Sat 23:16
--- 1105,1144 ----
(vertical 25
(group 1.0))
(vertical 1.0
! (summary 1.0 point)))))
@end example
! @noindent
! @node [4.14]
! @subsubheading Question 4.14
! I don't like the way the Summary buffer looks, how to tweak it?
! @subsubheading Answer
! You've got to play around with the variable
! gnus-summary-line-format. It's value is a string of
! symbols which stand for things like author, date, subject
! etc. A list of the available specifiers can be found in the
! manual node "Summary Buffer Lines" and the often forgotten
! node "Formatting Variables" and it's sub-nodes. There
! you'll find useful things like positioning the cursor and
! tabulators which allow you a summary in table form, but
! sadly hard tabulators are broken in 5.8.8.
!
! Since 5.10, Gnus offers you some very nice new specifiers,
! e.g. %B which draws a thread-tree and %&user-date which
! gives you a date where the details are dependent of the
! articles age. Here's an example which uses both:
@example
! (setq gnus-summary-line-format ":%U%R %B %s %-60=|%4L |%-20,20f |%&user-date;
\n")
@end example
@noindent
! resulting in:
!
! @example
:O Re: [Richard Stallman] rfc2047.el | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt
|Sat 23:06
:O Re: Revival of the ding-patches list | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt
|Sat 23:12
:R > Re: Find correct list of articles for a gro| 25 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt
|Sat 23:16
***************
*** 1280,1333 ****
:R > Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope| 23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt
|Sat 23:57
:O \-> ... | 18 |Kai Grossjohann
| 0:35
:O \-> ... | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt
| 0:56
! @end smallexample
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [4.15], , [4.14], FAQ 4 - Reading messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 4.15:
! How to split incoming mails in several groups?
!
! Answer:
! Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy
! nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail
! Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to
! the manual, node "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter.
!
! The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element
! is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has
! the form "group where matching articles should go to",
! "regular expression which has to be matched", the first
! rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a
! general rule (regular expression .*) which denotes where
! articles should go which don't match any other rule. If
! the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon
! as an article lands there. By default the mail will be
! send to all groups whose rules match. If you
! don't want that (you probably don't want), say
!
@example
(setq nnmail-crosspost nil)
@end example
-
@noindent
- in ~/.gnus.
-
! An example might be better than thousand words, so here's
! my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a
! special group and that the default group is spam, since I
! filter all mails out which are from some list I'm
! subscribed to or which are addressed directly to me
! before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which
! reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent spammers
! from using them):
!
@example
(setq nnmail-split-methods
--- 1151,1198 ----
:R > Re: Gnus still doesn't count messages prope| 23 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt
|Sat 23:57
:O \-> ... | 18 |Kai Grossjohann
| 0:35
:O \-> ... | 13 |Lars Magne Ingebrigt
| 0:56
! @end example
! @noindent
! @node [4.15]
! @subsubheading Question 4.15
! How to split incoming mails in several groups?
! @subsubheading Answer
! Gnus offers two possibilities for splitting mail, the easy
! nnmail-split-methods and the more powerful Fancy Mail
! Splitting. I'll only talk about the first one, refer to
! the manual, node "Fancy Mail Splitting" for the latter.
!
! The value of nnmail-split-methods is a list, each element
! is a list which stands for a splitting rule. Each rule has
! the form "group where matching articles should go to",
! "regular expression which has to be matched", the first
! rule which matches wins. The last rule must always be a
! general rule (regular expression .*) which denotes where
! articles should go which don't match any other rule. If
! the folder doesn't exist yet, it will be created as soon
! as an article lands there. By default the mail will be
! send to all groups whose rules match. If you
! don't want that (you probably don't want), say
@example
(setq nnmail-crosspost nil)
@end example
@noindent
! in ~/.gnus.el.
!
! An example might be better than thousand words, so here's
! my nnmail-split-methods. Note that I send duplicates in a
! special group and that the default group is spam, since I
! filter all mails out which are from some list I'm
! subscribed to or which are addressed directly to me
! before. Those rules kill about 80% of the Spam which
! reaches me (Email addresses are changed to prevent spammers
! from using them):
@example
(setq nnmail-split-methods
***************
*** 1336,1468 ****
("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@socha.bla.*")
("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@mx.gw.bla.*")
("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@.*uni-muenchen.bla.*")
! ("Hamster-src"
! "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*")
("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@@www.tagesschau.bla>$")
("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@Frank-Schmitt.bla.*")
! ("EK"
!
"^From:.*\\(localpart@@privateprovider.bla\\|localpart@@workplace.bla\\).*")
! ("Spam"
! "^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*")
! ("Spam"
! "^Subject:.*\\(This really work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*")
! ("Spam"
! "^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*")
("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)")
! ("Spam"
! "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)")
! ("Spam"
!
"^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*")
("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@@gmx.bla$")
("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com")
("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@@t-online.bla")
("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA")
("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@uni-koblenz.bla.*")
! ("Inbox"
! "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\ name\\|address@@one.bla\\|adress@@two.bla\\)")
("Spam" "")))
@end example
!
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 4 - Reading
messages, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
@subsection Composing messages
@menu
! * [5.1]:: What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and
! postings?
! * [5.2]:: How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
! * [5.3]:: How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...?
! * [5.4]:: Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the
! group I post too?
! * [5.5]:: Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking?
! * [5.6]:: Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to?
! * [5.7]:: Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember all
! those email addresses?
! * [5.8]:: Sometimes I see little images at the top of article buffer.
! What's that and how can I send one with my postings, too?
! * [5.9]:: Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in newsgroups.
! Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in newsgroups?
! * [5.10]:: How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
! * [5.11]:: I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and news,
! how to do it?
! * [5.12]:: People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct,
! why aren't they and how to fix it?
@end menu
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.1], [5.2], FAQ 5 - Composing messages, FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.1:
! What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and postings?
!
! Answer:
! To start composing a new mail hit @samp{m}
! either in Group or Summary buffer, for a posting, it's
! either @samp{a} in Group buffer and
! filling the Newsgroups header manually
! or @samp{a} in the Summary buffer of the
! group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail
! is
! @samp{r} if you don't want to cite the
! author, or import the cited text manually and
! @samp{R} to cite the text of the original
! message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's
! @samp{f} and @samp{F}
! (analog to @samp{r} and
! @samp{R}).
!
! Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows
! this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready
! hit @samp{C-c C-c}, to send the message,
! if you want to finish it later hit @samp{C-c
! C-d} to save it in the drafts group, where you
! can start editing it again by saying @samp{D
! e}.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.2], [5.3], [5.1], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.2:
! How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
!
! Answer:
! Say
!
@example
(add-hook 'message-mode-hook
! (lambda ()
! (setq fill-column 72)
! (turn-on-auto-fill)))
@end example
-
@noindent
- in ~/.gnus. You can reformat a paragraph by hitting
- @samp{M-q} (as usual)
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [5.3], [5.4], [5.2], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 5.3:
! How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...?
!
! Answer:
! There are other ways, but you should use posting styles
! for this. (See below why).
! This example should make the syntax clear:
!
@example
(setq gnus-posting-styles
--- 1201,1314 ----
("Gnus-Tut" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@socha.bla.*")
("tcsh" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@mx.gw.bla.*")
("BAfH" "^\\(To:\\|CC:\\).*localpart@@.*uni-muenchen.bla.*")
! ("Hamster-src"
"^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*hamster-sourcen@@yahoogroups.\\(de\\|com\\).*")
("Tagesschau" "^From: tagesschau <localpart@@www.tagesschau.bla>$")
("Replies" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@Frank-Schmitt.bla.*")
! ("EK"
"^From:.*\\(localpart@@privateprovider.bla\\|localpart@@workplace.bla\\).*")
! ("Spam"
"^Content-Type:.*\\(ks_c_5601-1987\\|EUC-KR\\|big5\\|iso-2022-jp\\).*")
! ("Spam" "^Subject:.*\\(This really
work\\|XINGA\\|ADV:\\|XXX\\|adult\\|sex\\).*")
! ("Spam"
"^Subject:.*\\(\=\?ks_c_5601-1987\?\\|\=\?euc-kr\?\\|\=\?big5\?\\).*")
("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*BulkMailer.*\\|.*MIME::Lite.*\\|\\)")
! ("Spam" "^X-Mailer:\\(.*CyberCreek
Avalanche\\|.*http\:\/\/GetResponse\.com\\)")
! ("Spam"
"^From:.*\\(verizon\.net\\|prontomail\.com\\|money\\|ConsumerDirect\\).*")
("Spam" "^Delivered-To: GMX delivery to spamtrap@@gmx.bla$")
("Spam" "^Received: from link2buy.com")
("Spam" "^CC: .*azzrael@@t-online.bla")
("Spam" "^X-Mailer-Version: 1.50 BETA")
("Uni" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*localpart@@uni-koblenz.bla.*")
! ("Inbox" "^\\(CC:\\|To:\\).*\\(my\
name\\|address@@one.bla\\|adress@@two.bla\\)")
("Spam" "")))
@end example
! @noindent
! @node FAQ 5 - Composing messages
@subsection Composing messages
@menu
! * [5.1]:: What are the basic commands I need to know for sending
! mail and postings?
! * [5.2]:: How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
! * [5.3]:: How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To,
! signature...?
! * [5.4]:: Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on
! the group I post too?
! * [5.5]:: Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly
! spell-checking?
! * [5.6]:: Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting
! to?
! * [5.7]:: Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember
! all those email addresses?
! * [5.8]:: Sometimes I see little images at the top of article
! buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my postings,
too?
! * [5.9]:: Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in newsgroups.
! Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in newsgroups?
! * [5.10]:: How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
! * [5.11]:: I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and
! news, how to do it?
! * [5.12]:: People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why aren't
! they and how to fix it?
@end menu
! @node [5.1]
! @subsubheading Question 5.1
! What are the basic commands I need to know for sending mail and postings?
! @subsubheading Answer
! To start composing a new mail hit @samp{m}
! either in Group or Summary buffer, for a posting, it's
! either @samp{a} in Group buffer and
! filling the Newsgroups header manually
! or @samp{a} in the Summary buffer of the
! group where the posting shall be send to. Replying by mail
! is
! @samp{r} if you don't want to cite the
! author, or import the cited text manually and
! @samp{R} to cite the text of the original
! message. For a follow up to a newsgroup, it's
! @samp{f} and @samp{F}
! (analogously to @samp{r} and
! @samp{R}).
!
! Enter new headers above the line saying "--text follows
! this line--", enter the text below the line. When ready
! hit @samp{C-c C-c}, to send the message,
! if you want to finish it later hit @samp{C-c
! C-d} to save it in the drafts group, where you
! can start editing it again by saying @samp{D
! e}.
! @node [5.2]
! @subsubheading Question 5.2
! How to enable automatic word-wrap when composing messages?
! @subsubheading Answer
! Say
@example
(add-hook 'message-mode-hook
! (lambda ()
! (setq fill-column 72)
! (turn-on-auto-fill)))
@end example
@noindent
! in ~/.gnus.el. You can reformat a paragraph by hitting
! @samp{M-q} (as usual)
! @node [5.3]
! @subsubheading Question 5.3
! How to set stuff like From, Organization, Reply-To, signature...?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! There are other ways, but you should use posting styles
! for this. (See below why).
! This example should make the syntax clear:
@example
(setq gnus-posting-styles
***************
*** 1474,1619 ****
("X-SampleHeader" "foobar")
(eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar")))))
@end example
-
@noindent
- The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones
- (see below), valid values for the first element of the
- following lists are signature, signature-file,
- organization, address, name or body. The attribute name
- can also be a string. In that case, this will be used as
- a header name, and the value will be inserted in the
- headers of the article; if the value is `nil', the header
- name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)),
- then the function foo will be evaluated with argument bar
- and the result will be thrown away.
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [5.4], [5.5], [5.3], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 5.4:
! Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post
too?
!
!
! Answer:
!
! That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*"
! to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp
! like "^gmane" and the following settings are only applied
! to postings you send to the gmane hierarchy, use
! ".*binaries" instead and they will be applied to postings
! send to groups containing the string binaries in their
! name etc.
!
!
! You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function
! which is evaluated, only if it returns true, the
! corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting
! candidates for this are message-news-p which returns t if
! the current Group is a newsgroup and the corresponding
! message-mail-p.
!
!
! Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in
! the example below, when I post to
! gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general, the settings under
! ".*" are applied and the settings under message-news-p and
! those under "^gmane" and those under
! "^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because
! of this put general settings at the top and specific ones
! at the bottom.
!
@example
(setq gnus-posting-styles
'((".*" ;;default
(name "Frank Schmitt")
(organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
! (signature-file "~/.signature"))
((message-news-p) ;;Usenet news?
(address "mySpamTrap@@Frank-Schmitt.bla")
! ("Reply-To" "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@@Frank-Schmitt.bla"))
((message-mail-p) ;;mail?
! (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.bla"))
("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact
(address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.net")
! ("Reply-To" nil))
("^gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general$"
(eval (setq mail-envelope-from "Azzrael@@rz-online.de"))
! (address "Azzrael@@rz-online.de"))))
@end example
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.5], [5.6], [5.4], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.5:
! Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking?
!
! Answer:
! You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the first
! thing to do is to make sure that you've got either
! @itemize @bullet
! @item
! @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html,ispell}
! or
! @item
! @uref{http://aspell.sourceforge.net/,aspell}
! @end itemize
! @noindent
! installed and in your Path.
! Then you need
! @uref{http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html,ispell.el,ispell.el}
! and for on-the-fly spell-checking
!
@uref{http://www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/personnel/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/flyspell.html,flyspell.el,flyspell.el}.
! Ispell.el is shipped with Gnus Emacs and available through the Emacs
! package system, flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs and part of XEmacs
! text-modes package which is available through the package system, so
! there should be no need to install them manually.
!
! Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say
!
@example
(setq ispell-program-name "aspell")
@end example
-
-
@noindent
- in your Emacs configuration file.
! If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say
!
@example
(add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message)
@end example
-
@noindent
! In your ~/.gnus, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say
!
@example
(add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1)))
@end example
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.6], [5.7], [5.5], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.6:
! Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to?
!
! Answer:
! Yes, say something like
!
@example
(add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook
--- 1320,1440 ----
("X-SampleHeader" "foobar")
(eval (setq some-variable "Foo bar")))))
@end example
@noindent
! The ".*" means that this settings are the default ones
! (see below), valid values for the first element of the
! following lists are signature, signature-file,
! organization, address, name or body. The attribute name
! can also be a string. In that case, this will be used as
! a header name, and the value will be inserted in the
! headers of the article; if the value is `nil', the header
! name will be removed. You can also say (eval (foo bar)),
! then the function foo will be evaluated with argument bar
! and the result will be thrown away.
!
! @node [5.4]
! @subsubheading Question 5.4
!
! Can I set things like From, Signature etc group based on the group I post too?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! That's the strength of posting styles. Before, we used ".*"
! to set the default for all groups. You can use a regexp
! like "^gmane" and the following settings are only applied
! to postings you send to the gmane hierarchy, use
! ".*binaries" instead and they will be applied to postings
! send to groups containing the string binaries in their
! name etc.
!
! You can instead of specifying a regexp specify a function
! which is evaluated, only if it returns true, the
! corresponding settings take effect. Two interesting
! candidates for this are message-news-p which returns t if
! the current Group is a newsgroup and the corresponding
! message-mail-p.
!
! Note that all forms that match are applied, that means in
! the example below, when I post to
! gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general, the settings under
! ".*" are applied and the settings under message-news-p and
! those under "^gmane" and those under
! "^gmane\\.mail\\.spam\\.spamassassin\\.general$". Because
! of this put general settings at the top and specific ones
! at the bottom.
@example
(setq gnus-posting-styles
'((".*" ;;default
(name "Frank Schmitt")
(organization "Hamme net, kren mer och nimmi")
! (signature-file "~/.signature") )
((message-news-p) ;;Usenet news?
(address "mySpamTrap@@Frank-Schmitt.bla")
! ("Reply-To" "hereRealRepliesOnlyPlease@@Frank-Schmitt.bla") )
((message-mail-p) ;;mail?
! (address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.bla") )
("^gmane" ;;this is mail, too in fact
(address "usedForMails@@Frank-Schmitt.net")
! ("Reply-To" nil) )
("^gmane.mail.spam.spamassassin.general$"
(eval (setq mail-envelope-from "Azzrael@@rz-online.de"))
! (address "Azzrael@@rz-online.de")) ))
@end example
! @noindent
! @node [5.5]
! @subsubheading Question 5.5
! Is there a spell-checker? Perhaps even on-the-fly spell-checking?
! @subsubheading Answer
! You can use ispell.el to spell-check stuff in Emacs. So the
! first thing to do is to make sure that you've got either
! @uref{http://fmg-www.cs.ucla.edu/fmg-members/geoff/ispell.html, ispell}
! or @uref{http://aspell.sourceforge.net/, aspell}
! installed and in your Path. Then you need
! @uref{http://www.kdstevens.com/~stevens/ispell-page.html, ispell.el}
! and for on-the-fly spell-checking
!
@uref{http://www-sop.inria.fr/mimosa/personnel/Manuel.Serrano/flyspell/flyspell.html,
flyspell.el}.
! Ispell.el is shipped with Emacs and available through the XEmacs package
system,
! flyspell.el is shipped with Emacs and part of XEmacs text-modes package which
is
! available through the package system, so there should be no need to install
them
! manually.
! Ispell.el assumes you use ispell, if you choose aspell say
@example
(setq ispell-program-name "aspell")
@end example
@noindent
+ in your Emacs configuration file.
! If you want your outgoing messages to be spell-checked, say
@example
(add-hook 'message-send-hook 'ispell-message)
@end example
@noindent
!
! In your ~/.gnus.el, if you prefer on-the-fly spell-checking say
@example
(add-hook 'message-mode-hook (lambda () (flyspell-mode 1)))
@end example
! @noindent
! @node [5.6]
! @subsubheading Question 5.6
! Can I set the dictionary based on the group I'm posting to?
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Yes, say something like
@example
(add-hook 'gnus-select-group-hook
***************
*** 1625,1679 ****
(t
(ispell-change-dictionary "english")))))
@end example
-
-
@noindent
- in ~/.gnus. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something
- that suits your needs.
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.7], [5.8], [5.6], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.7:
! Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember
! all those email addresses?
!
! Answer:
! There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases.
! You can store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple
! alias syntax:
!
@example
alias al "Al <al@@english-heritage.bla>"
@end example
-
@noindent
- Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation
- character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will
- cause Gnus to insert the full address for you. See the
- node "Mail Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for
- details.
-
! However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother
! Database bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from
! @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/,bbdb's homepage}.
! Now place the following in ~/.gnus, to activate bbdb for Gnus:
!
@example
(require 'bbdb)
(bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message)
@end example
-
@noindent
! Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration,
! place them in ~/.emacs:
!
@example
(require 'bbdb)
--- 1446,1492 ----
(t
(ispell-change-dictionary "english")))))
@end example
@noindent
! in ~/.gnus.el. Change "^de\\." and "deutsch8" to something
! that suits your needs.
! @node [5.7]
! @subsubheading Question 5.7
! Is there some kind of address-book, so I needn't remember
! all those email addresses?
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! There's an very basic solution for this, mail aliases.
! You can store your mail addresses in a ~/.mailrc file using a simple
! alias syntax:
@example
alias al "Al <al@@english-heritage.bla>"
@end example
@noindent
! Then typing your alias (followed by a space or punctuation
! character) on a To: or Cc: line in the message buffer will
! cause Gnus to insert the full address for you. See the
! node "Mail Aliases" in Message (not Gnus) manual for
! details.
!
! However, what you really want is the Insidious Big Brother
! Database bbdb. Get it through the XEmacs package system or from
! @uref{http://bbdb.sourceforge.net/, bbdb's homepage}.
! Now place the following in ~/.gnus.el, to activate bbdb for Gnus:
@example
(require 'bbdb)
(bbdb-initialize 'gnus 'message)
@end example
@noindent
!
! Now you probably want some general bbdb configuration,
! place them in ~/.emacs:
@example
(require 'bbdb)
***************
*** 1689,1744 ****
;;No popup-buffers
(setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil)
@end example
-
@noindent
- Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb RET
- RET} to open a bbdb buffer showing all
- entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new
- entry, @samp{b} to search your BBDB and
- @samp{C-o} to add a new field to an
- entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can
- also just hit `:' on the posting in the summary buffer and
- you are done. When you now compose a new mail,
- hit @samp{TAB} to cycle through know
- recipients.
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [5.8], [5.9], [5.7], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 5.8:
-
- Sometimes I see little images at the top of article
- buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my
- postings, too?
-
! Answer:
!
! Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w
! pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include
! one in your posts, you've got to convert some image to a
! X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say
! Gimp), open the image you want to include, cut out the
! relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit, resize to
! 48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface
! package from
! @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/,this site}.
! and create the actual X-face by saying
!
!
! @example
! cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon |compface > file.face
! cat ./file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g' | sed 's/\"/\\\"/g' > ./file.face.quoted
@end example
-
@noindent
- If you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter address@hidden
- @uref{http://www.dairiki.org/xface/}. If you use MS Windows, you
- could also use the WinFace program from
- @uref{http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/}.
! Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the X-face in your postings
! by saying
@example
(setq message-default-headers
--- 1502,1551 ----
;;No popup-buffers
(setq bbdb-use-pop-up nil)
@end example
@noindent
! Now you should be ready to go. Say @samp{M-x bbdb RET
! RET} to open a bbdb buffer showing all
! entries. Say @samp{c} to create a new
! entry, @samp{b} to search your BBDB and
! @samp{C-o} to add a new field to an
! entry. If you want to add a sender to the BBDB you can
! also just hit `:' on the posting in the summary buffer and
! you are done. When you now compose a new mail,
! hit @samp{TAB} to cycle through know
! recipients.
!
! @node [5.8]
! @subsubheading Question 5.8
!
! Sometimes I see little images at the top of article
! buffer. What's that and how can I send one with my
! postings, too?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Those images are called X-Faces. They are 48*48 pixel b/w
! pictures, encoded in a header line. If you want to include
! one in your posts, you've got to convert some image to a
! X-Face. So fire up some image manipulation program (say
! Gimp), open the image you want to include, cut out the
! relevant part, reduce color depth to 1 bit, resize to
! 48*48 and save as bitmap. Now you should get the compface
! package from
! @uref{ftp://ftp.cs.indiana.edu:/pub/faces/, this site}.
! and create the actual X-face by saying
!
! @example
! cat file.xbm | xbm2ikon | compface > file.face
! cat file.face | sed 's/\\/\\\\/g;s/\"/\\\"/g;' > file.face.quoted
@end example
@noindent
! If you can't use compface, there's an online X-face converter at
! @uref{http://www.dairiki.org/xface/}.
! If you use MS Windows, you could also use the WinFace program from
! @uref{http://www.xs4all.nl/~walterln/winface/}.
! Now you only have to tell Gnus to include the X-face in your postings by
saying
@example
(setq message-default-headers
***************
*** 1747,1779 ****
(insert-file-contents "~/.xemacs/xface")
(buffer-string)))
@end example
-
@noindent
- in ~/.gnus.
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [5.9], [5.10], [5.8], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 5.9:
-
- Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in
- newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in
- newsgroups?
-
! Answer:
! Put this in ~/.gnus:
!
@example
(setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t)
@end example
-
@noindent
! if you already use Gnus 5.10, if you still use 5.8.8 or
! 5.9 try this instead:
!
@example
(eval-after-load "gnus-msg"
--- 1554,1581 ----
(insert-file-contents "~/.xemacs/xface")
(buffer-string)))
@end example
@noindent
! in ~/.gnus.el.
! @node [5.9]
! @subsubheading Question 5.9
!
! Sometimes I accidentally hit r instead of f in
! newsgroups. Can Gnus warn me, when I'm replying by mail in
! newsgroups?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Put this in ~/.gnus.el:
@example
(setq gnus-confirm-mail-reply-to-news t)
@end example
@noindent
!
! if you already use Gnus 5.10, if you still use 5.8.8 or
! 5.9 try this instead:
@example
(eval-after-load "gnus-msg"
***************
*** 1785,1828 ****
(y-or-n-p "Really reply by mail to article author? "))
ad-do-it))))
@end example
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.10], [5.11], [5.9], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.10:
! How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
!
! Answer:
! Since 5.10 Gnus doesn't generate a sender header by
! default. For older Gnus' try this in ~/.gnus:
!
@example
(eval-after-load "message"
'(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
@end example
!
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.11], [5.12], [5.10], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.11:
! I want gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and
! news, how to do it?
!
! Answer:
! You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do
! this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the
! group where the copies shall go or like in the example
! below use a function which is evaluated and which returns
! the group to use.
!
@example
(setq gnus-message-archive-group
--- 1587,1623 ----
(y-or-n-p "Really reply by mail to article author? "))
ad-do-it))))
@end example
! @noindent
! @node [5.10]
! @subsubheading Question 5.10
! How to tell Gnus not to generate a sender header?
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! Since 5.10 Gnus doesn't generate a sender header by
! default. For older Gnus' try this in ~/.gnus.el:
@example
(eval-after-load "message"
'(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
@end example
! @noindent
! @node [5.11]
! @subsubheading Question 5.11
! I want Gnus to locally store copies of my send mail and
! news, how to do it?
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! You must set the variable gnus-message-archive-group to do
! this. You can set it to a string giving the name of the
! group where the copies shall go or like in the example
! below use a function which is evaluated and which returns
! the group to use.
@example
(setq gnus-message-archive-group
***************
*** 1830,1860 ****
"nnml:Send-News"
"nnml:Send-Mail")))
@end example
!
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [5.12], , [5.11], FAQ 5 - Composing messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 5.12:
! People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why
! aren't they and how to fix it?
!
! Answer:
- The message-ID is an unique identifier for messages you
- send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine
- name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine
- where Gnus is running isn't suitable (it probably isn't
- at most private machines) you can tell Gnus what to use
- by saying
@example
(setq message-user-fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld")
@end example
@noindent
! in ~/.gnus. If you use Gnus 5.9 or ealier, you can use this
! instead (works for newer versions a well):
@example
(eval-after-load "message"
'(let ((fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld"));; <-- Edit this!
--- 1625,1655 ----
"nnml:Send-News"
"nnml:Send-Mail")))
@end example
! @noindent
! @node [5.12]
! @subsubheading Question 5.12
! People tell me my Message-IDs are not correct, why
! aren't they and how to fix it?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! The message-ID is an unique identifier for messages you
! send. To make it unique, Gnus need to know which machine
! name to put after the "@@". If the name of the machine
! where Gnus is running isn't suitable (it probably isn't
! at most private machines) you can tell Gnus what to use
! by saying:
@example
(setq message-user-fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld")
@end example
@noindent
!
! in ~/.gnus.el. If you use Gnus 5.9 or ealier, you can use this
! instead (works for newer versions a well):
!
@example
(eval-after-load "message"
'(let ((fqdn "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld"));; <-- Edit this!
***************
*** 1865,1974 ****
"Return user's fully qualified domain name."
fqdn))))
@end example
! If you have no idea what to insert for
! "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several
! choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows
! you to use something like
! yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use
! somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain
! yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which
! gives private users a FQDN for free, e.g.
! @uref{http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de/~dlx/addfqdn.html}.
! (Sorry but this website is in German, if you know of an
! English one offering the same, drop me a note).
!
! Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID
! for News at all (and letting the server do the job) by saying
!
@example
(setq message-required-news-headers
(remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers))
@end example
-
@noindent
! you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by saying
!
@example
(setq message-required-mail-headers
(remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers))
@end example
-
@noindent
- , however some mail servers don't generate proper
- Message-IDs, too, so test if your Mail Server behaves
- correctly by sending yourself a Mail and looking at the Message-ID.
-
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 5 -
Composing messages, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
@subsection Old messages
@menu
! * [6.1]:: How to import my old mail into Gnus?
! * [6.2]:: How to archive interesting messages?
! * [6.3]:: How to search for a specific message?
! * [6.4]:: How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
! * [6.5]:: I want that all read messages are expired (at least in some
! groups). How to do it?
! * [6.6]:: I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them
! to another group.
@end menu
! @ifnottex
! @node [6.1], [6.2], FAQ 6 - Old messages, FAQ 6 - Old messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 6.1:
! How to import my old mail into Gnus?
!
! Answer:
! The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to
! export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers
! are able to do this, if you come from the MS Windows
! world, you may find tools at
! @uref{http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/}.
!
!
! Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do
! this, create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by
! saying @samp{G f /path/file.mbox RET} in
! Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your
! mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal
! Gnus mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've
! just created by saying @samp{C-u RET}
! (thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark all
! messages by saying @samp{M P b} and
! either copy them to the desired group by saying
! @samp{B c name.of.group RET} or send them
! through nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying
! @samp{B r}.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [6.2], [6.3], [6.1], FAQ 6 - Old messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 6.2:
!
! How to archive interesting messages?
!
!
! Answer:
!
! If you stumble across an interesting message, say in
! gnu.emacs.gnus and want to archive it there are several
! solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file
! by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't
! it be much more convenient to have more direct access to
! the archived message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this
! snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in
! ~/.gnus:
!
@example
(defun my-archive-article (&optional n)
--- 1660,1756 ----
"Return user's fully qualified domain name."
fqdn))))
@end example
+ @noindent
! If you have no idea what to insert for
! "yourmachine.yourdomain.tld", you've got several
! choices. You can either ask your provider if he allows
! you to use something like
! yourUserName.userfqdn.provider.net, or you can use
! somethingUnique.yourdomain.tld if you own the domain
! yourdomain.tld, or you can register at a service which
! gives private users a FQDN for free, e.g.
! @uref{http://www.stura.tu-freiberg.de/~dlx/addfqdn.html}.
! (Sorry but this website is in German, if you know of an
! English one offering the same, drop me a note).
! Finally you can tell Gnus not to generate a Message-ID
! for News at all (and letting the server do the job) by saying
@example
(setq message-required-news-headers
(remove' Message-ID message-required-news-headers))
@end example
@noindent
!
! you can also tell Gnus not to generate Message-IDs for mail by saying
@example
(setq message-required-mail-headers
(remove' Message-ID message-required-mail-headers))
@end example
@noindent
! , however some mail servers don't generate proper
! Message-IDs, too, so test if your Mail Server behaves
! correctly by sending yourself a Mail and looking at the Message-ID.
!
! @node FAQ 6 - Old messages
@subsection Old messages
@menu
! * [6.1]:: How to import my old mail into Gnus?
! * [6.2]:: How to archive interesting messages?
! * [6.3]:: How to search for a specific message?
! * [6.4]:: How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
! * [6.5]:: I want that all read messages are expired (at least in some
! groups). How to do it?
! * [6.6]:: I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them
! to another group.
@end menu
! @node [6.1]
! @subsubheading Question 6.1
! How to import my old mail into Gnus?
! @subsubheading Answer
! The easiest way is to tell your old mail program to
! export the messages in mbox format. Most Unix mailers
! are able to do this, if you come from the MS Windows
! world, you may find tools at
! @uref{http://mbx2mbox.sourceforge.net/}.
!
! Now you've got to import this mbox file into Gnus. To do
! this, create a nndoc group based on the mbox file by
! saying @samp{G f /path/file.mbox RET} in
! Group buffer. You now have read-only access to your
! mail. If you want to import the messages to your normal
! Gnus mail groups hierarchy, enter the nndoc group you've
! just created by saying @samp{C-u RET}
! (thus making sure all messages are retrieved), mark all
! messages by saying @samp{M P b} and
! either copy them to the desired group by saying
! @samp{B c name.of.group RET} or send them
! through nnmail-split-methods (respool them) by saying
! @samp{B r}.
!
! @node [6.2]
! @subsubheading Question 6.2
!
! How to archive interesting messages?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! If you stumble across an interesting message, say in
! gnu.emacs.gnus and want to archive it there are several
! solutions. The first and easiest is to save it to a file
! by saying @samp{O f}. However, wouldn't
! it be much more convenient to have more direct access to
! the archived message from Gnus? If you say yes, put this
! snippet by Frank Haun <pille3003@@fhaun.de> in
! ~/.gnus.el:
@example
(defun my-archive-article (&optional n)
***************
*** 1987,2610 ****
(replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name)))))
(gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name)))
@end example
-
@noindent
- You can now say @samp{M-x
- my-archive-article} in summary buffer to
- archive the article under the cursor in a nnml
- group. (Change nnml to your preferred back end)
-
! Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying
!
@example
(setq gnus-use-cache t)
@end example
-
@noindent
- then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant
- mark for articles you want to keep, setting the read
- mark will remove them from cache.
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [6.3], [6.4], [6.2], FAQ 6 - Old messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 6.3:
-
- How to search for a specific message?
-
-
- Answer:
-
- There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from
- a Usenet group the easiest solution is probably to ask
- @uref{http://groups.google.com,groups.google.com},
- if you found the posting there, tell Google to display
- the raw message, look for the message-id, and say
- @samp{M-^ the@@message.id RET} in a
- summary buffer.
- Since Gnus 5.10 there's also a Gnus interface for
- groups.google.com which you can call with
- @samp{G W}) in group buffer.
-
-
- Another idea which works for both mail and news groups
- is to enter the group where the message you are
- searching is and use the standard Emacs search
- @samp{C-s}, it's smart enough to look at
- articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to
- search bodies, too try @samp{M-s}
- instead. Further on there are the
- gnus-summary-limit-to-foo functions, which can help you,
- too.
-
-
- Of course you can also use grep to search through your
- local mail, but this is both slow for big archives and
- inconvenient since you are not displaying the found mail
- in Gnus. Here comes nnir into action. Nnir is a front end
- to search engines like swish-e or swish++ and
- others. You index your mail with one of those search
- engines and with the help of nnir you can search trough
- the indexed mail and generate a temporary group with all
- messages which met your search criteria. If this sound
- cool to you get nnir.el from the contrib directory of the Gnus
- distribution or
-
@uref{http://quimby.gnus.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/~checkout~/gnus/contrib/nnir.el?rev=HEAD&content-type=text/plain}
- Instructions on how to use it are at the top of the file.
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [6.4], [6.5], [6.3], FAQ 6 - Old messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 6.4:
-
- How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
-
-
- Answer:
-
- You can of course just mark the mail you don't need
- anymore by saying @samp{#} with point
- over the mail and then say @samp{B DEL}
- to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of
- actually deleting them, send them to a junk-group by
- saying @samp{B m nnml:trash-bin} which
- you clear from time to time, but both are not the intended
- way in Gnus.
-
-
- In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news
- server. That means you tell Gnus the message is
- expirable (you tell Gnus "I don't need this mail
- anymore") by saying @samp{E} with point
- over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the
- group, Gnus looks at all messages which you marked as
- expirable before and if they are old enough (default is
- older than a week) they are deleted.
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [6.5], [6.6], [6.4], FAQ 6 - Old messages
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 6.5:
-
- I want that all read messages are expired (at least in
- some groups). How to do it?
-
-
- Answer:
-
- If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g. in
- mailing lists where there's an online archive), you've
- got two choices: auto-expire and
- total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article
- which has no marks set and is selected for reading is
- marked as expirable, Gnus hits @samp{E}
- for you every time you read a message. Total-expire
- follows a slightly different approach, here all article
- where the read mark is set are expirable.
-
-
- To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the
- Group parameters for the group. (Hit @samp{G
- c} in summary buffer with point over the
- group to change group parameters). For total-expire add
- total-expire to the group-parameters.
-
-
- Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste:
- Auto-expire is faster, but it doesn't play together with
- Adaptive Scoring, so if you want to use this feature,
- you should use total-expire.
-
! If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in
! a group where total or auto expire is active, set either
! tick (hit @samp{u}) or dormant mark (hit
! @samp{u}), when you use auto-expire, you
! can also set the read mark (hit
! @samp{d}).
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [6.6], , [6.5], FAQ 6 - Old messages
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 6.6:
! I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them
! to another group.
!
! Answer:
! Say something like this in ~/.gnus:
!
@example
(setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired")
@end example
-
@noindent
- (If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target
- on a per group basis see the question "How can I disable
- threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other
- variables specific for some groups?")
-
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 6 -
Old messages, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
@subsection Gnus in a dial-up environment
@menu
! * [7.1]:: I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I
! minimize the time I've got to be connected?
! * [7.2]:: So what was this thing about the Agent?
! * [7.3]:: I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
! * [7.4]:: How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings while
! I'm offline?
@end menu
! @ifnottex
! @node [7.1], [7.2], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a
dial-up environment
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 7.1:
!
! I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can
! I minimize the time I've got to be connected?
!
!
! Answer:
!
! You've got basically two options: Either you use the
! Gnus Agent (see below) for this, or you can install
! programs which fetch your news and mail to your local
! disk and Gnus reads the stuff from your local
! machine.
!
!
! If you want to follow the second approach, you need a
! program which fetches news and offers them to Gnus, a
! program which does the same for mail and a program which
! receives the mail you write from Gnus and sends them
! when you're online.
!
! Let's talk about Unix systems first: For the news part, the easiest
! solution is a small nntp server like
! @uref{http://www.leafnode.org/,Leafnode} or
! @uref{http://infa.abo.fi/~patrik/sn/,sn}, of course you can also
! install a full featured news server like
! @uref{http://www.isc.org/products/INN/,inn}.
! Then you want to fetch your Mail, popular choices are
! @itemize @bullet
! @item
! @uref{http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/,fetchmail} and
! @item
! @uref{http://www.qcc.ca/~charlesc/software/getmail-3.0/,getmail}.
! @end itemize
! You should tell those to write the mail to your disk and Gnus to read
! it from there. Last but not least the mail sending part: This can be
! done with every MTA like @uref{http://www.sendmail.org/,sendmail},
! @uref{http://www.qmail.org/,postfix}, @uref{http://www.exim.org/,exim}
! or @uref{http://www.qmail.org/,qmail}.
!
!
! On windows boxes I'd vote for
! @uref{http://www.tglsoft.de/,Hamster},
! it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches
! your mail and news from remote servers and offers them
! to Gnus (or any other mail and/or news reader) via nntp
! respectively POP3 or IMAP. It also includes a smtp
! server for receiving mails from Gnus.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [7.2], [7.3], [7.1], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 7.2:
!
! So what was this thing about the Agent?
!
!
! Answer:
!
! The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch
! mail and news and store them on disk for reading them
! later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline
! newsreaders like e.g. Forte Agent. If you want to use
! the Agent place the following in ~/.gnus if you are
! still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 (it's the default since 5.10):
!
@example
(setq gnus-agent t)
@end example
!
!
! Now you've got to select the servers whose groups can be
! stored locally. To do this, open the server buffer
! (that is press @samp{^} while in the
! group buffer). Now select a server by moving point to
! the line naming that server. Finally, agentize the
! server by typing @samp{J a}. If you
! make a mistake, or change your mind, you can undo this
! action by typing @samp{J r}. When
! you're done, type 'q' to return to the group buffer.
! Now the next time you enter a group on a agentized
! server, the headers will be stored on disk and read from
! there the next time you enter the group.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [7.3], [7.4], [7.2], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 7.3:
!
! I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
!
! Answer:
! You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies
! of articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is
! done in a special buffer which can be reached by
! saying @samp{J c} in group
! buffer. Please refer to the documentation for
! information which predicates are possible and how
! exactly to do it.
!
! Further on you can tell the agent manually which
! articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do
! this: Number one: In the summary buffer, process mark a
! set of articles that shall be stored in the agent by
! saying @samp{#} with point over the
! article and then type @samp{J s}. The
! other possibility is to set, again in the summary
! buffer, downloadable (%) marks for the articles you
! want by typing @samp{@@} with point over
! the article and then typing @samp{J u}.
! What's the difference? Well, process marks are erased as
! soon as you exit the summary buffer while downloadable
! marks are permanent. You can actually set downloadable
! marks in several groups then use fetch session ('J s' in
! the GROUP buffer) to fetch all of those articles. The
! only downside is that fetch session also fetches all of
! the headers for every selected group on an agentized
! server. Depending on the volume of headers, the initial
! fetch session could take hours.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [7.4], , [7.3], FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 7.4:
! How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings
! while I'm offline?
!
! Answer:
! All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online
! (plugged) and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest
! works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged
! state by saying @samp{J j} in group
! buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x
! gnus-unplugged} instead of
! @samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to
! work, the agent must be active.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up
environment, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
! @subsection Getting help
! @menu
! * [8.1]:: How to find information and help inside Emacs?
! * [8.2]:: I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X
! (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
! * [8.3]:: Which websites should I know?
! * [8.4]:: Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
! * [8.5]:: Where to report bugs?
! * [8.6]:: I need real-time help, where to find it?
! @end menu
! @ifnottex
! @node [8.1], [8.2], FAQ 8 - Getting help, FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 8.1:
! How to find information and help inside Emacs?
!
! Answer:
! The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say
! @samp{C-h i d m Gnus RET} to start the
! Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a
! full-text search with @samp{s}). Then
! there are the general Emacs help commands starting with
! C-h, type @samp{C-h ? ?} to get a list
! of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally
! @samp{M-x apropos-command} lets you
! search through all available functions and @samp{M-x
! apropos} searches the bound variables.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [8.2], [8.3], [8.1], FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 8.2:
! I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X
! (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
!
! Answer:
! There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals
! for message, emacs-mime, sieve and pgg. Those packages
! are distributed with Gnus and used by Gnus but aren't
! really part of core Gnus, so they are documented in
! different info files, you should have a look in those
! manuals, too.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [8.3], [8.4], [8.2], FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 8.3:
! Which websites should I know?
!
! Answer:
! The two most important ones are the
! @uref{http://www.gnus.org,official Gnus website}.
! and it's sister site
! @uref{http://my.gnus.org,my.gnus.org (MGO)},
! hosting an archive of lisp snippets, howtos, a (not
! really finished) tutorial and this FAQ.
!
! Tell me about other sites which are interesting.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [8.4], [8.5], [8.3], FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 8.4:
! Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
!
! Answer:
! There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus (pull it from
! e.g. news.gnus.org) which deals with general questions
! and the ding mailing list (ding@@gnus.org) dealing with
! development of Gnus. You can read the ding list via
! NNTP, too under the name gnus.ding from news.gnus.org.
!
! If you want to stay in the big8,
! news.software.newssreaders is also read by some Gnus
! users (but chances for qualified help are much better in
! the above groups) and if you speak German, there's
! de.comm.software.gnus.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [8.5], [8.6], [8.4], FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 8.5:
! Where to report bugs?
!
! Answer:
! Say @samp{M-x gnus-bug}, this will start a message to the
! @email{bugs@@gnus.org,gnus bug mailing list} including information
! about your environment which make it easier to help you.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node [8.6], , [8.5], FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 8.6:
! I need real-time help, where to find it?
!
! Answer:
! Point your IRC client to irc.my.gnus.org channel
! #mygnus. Don't be afraid if people there speak German,
! they are willing and capable of switching to
! English when people from outside Germany enter.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ - Glossary, FAQ 8 - Getting help, Frequently
Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
@subsection Tuning Gnus
@menu
! * [9.1]:: Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
! * [9.2]:: How to speed up the process of entering a group?
! * [9.3]:: Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
@end menu
! @ifnottex
! @node [9.1], [9.2], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 9.1:
! Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
!
! Answer:
! The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads it's
! active file, see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus
! manual for things you might try to speed the process up.
! An other idea would be to byte compile your ~/.gnus (say
! @samp{M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus
! RET} to do it). Finally, if you have require
! statements in your .gnus, you could replace them with
! eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not at startup
! time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your
! ~/.gnus:
!
@example
(require 'message)
(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))
@end example
-
@noindent
! then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If
! you replace it with
!
@example
(eval-after-load "message"
'(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
@end example
-
@noindent
- it's loaded when it's needed.
-
- @ifnottex
- @node [9.2], [9.3], [9.1], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus
- @end ifnottex
- @subsubheading Question 9.2:
! How to speed up the process of entering a group?
!
! Answer:
! A speed killer is setting the variable
! gnus-fetch-old-headers to anything different from nil,
! so don't do this if speed is an issue. To speed up
! building of summary say
!
@example
(gnus-compile)
@end example
-
@noindent
! at the bottom of your ~/.gnus, this will make gnus
! byte-compile things like
! gnus-summary-line-format.
! then you could increase the value of gc-cons-threshold
! by saying something like
!
@example
(setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000)
@end example
-
@noindent
! in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK
! characters or use Gnus 5.10 or younger together with a
! recent GNU Emacs, you should say
!
@example
! (setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil)
@end example
-
-
@noindent
- in ~/.gnus (thanks to Jesper harder for the last
- two suggestions). Finally if you are still using 5.8.8
- or 5.9 and experience speed problems with summary
- buffer generation, you definitely should update to
- 5.10 since there quite some work on improving it has
- been done.
! @ifnottex
! @node [9.3], , [9.2], FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus
! @end ifnottex
! @subsubheading Question 9.3:
! Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
!
! Answer:
! The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the
! messages you wrote by setting
! gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group
! instead of an archive group, this should bring you back
! to normal speed.
!
! @ifnottex
! @node FAQ - Glossary, , FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus, Frequently Asked Questions
! @end ifnottex
@subsection Glossary
@table @dfn
! @item ~/.gnus
! When the term ~/.gnus is used it just means your Gnus
! configuration file. You might as well call it ~/.gnus.el or
! specify another name.
!
@item Back End
! In Gnus terminology a back end is a virtual server, a layer
! between core Gnus and the real NNTP-, POP3-, IMAP- or
! whatever-server which offers Gnus a standardized interface
! to functions like "get message", "get Headers" etc.
!
@item Emacs
! When the term Emacs is used in this FAQ, it means either GNU
! Emacs or XEmacs.
!
@item Message
! In this FAQ message means a either a mail or a posting to a
! Usenet Newsgroup or to some other fancy back end, no matter
! of which kind it is.
!
@item MUA
! MUA is an acronym for Mail User Agent, it's the program you
! use to read and write e-mails.
!
@item NUA
! NUA is an acronym for News User Agent, it's the program you
! use to read and write Usenet news.
!
! @end table
! @c @bye
@ignore
! arch-tag: 64dc5692-edb4-4848-a965-7aa0181acbb8
@end ignore
--- 1769,2299 ----
(replace-regexp-in-string "^.*:" "" gnus-newsgroup-name)))))
(gnus-summary-copy-article n archive-name)))
@end example
@noindent
! You can now say @samp{M-x
! my-archive-article} in summary buffer to
! archive the article under the cursor in a nnml
! group. (Change nnml to your preferred back end)
!
! Of course you can also make sure the cache is enabled by saying
@example
(setq gnus-use-cache t)
@end example
@noindent
! then you only have to set either the tick or the dormant
! mark for articles you want to keep, setting the read
! mark will remove them from cache.
!
! @node [6.3]
! @subsubheading Question 6.3
!
! How to search for a specific message?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! There are several ways for this, too. For a posting from
! a Usenet group the easiest solution is probably to ask
! @uref{http://groups.google.com, groups.google.com},
! if you found the posting there, tell Google to display
! the raw message, look for the message-id, and say
! @samp{M-^ the@@message.id RET} in a
! summary buffer.
! Since Gnus 5.10 there's also a Gnus interface for
! groups.google.com which you can call with
! @samp{G W}) in group buffer.
!
! Another idea which works for both mail and news groups
! is to enter the group where the message you are
! searching is and use the standard Emacs search
! @samp{C-s}, it's smart enough to look at
! articles in collapsed threads, too. If you want to
! search bodies, too try @samp{M-s}
! instead. Further on there are the
! gnus-summary-limit-to-foo functions, which can help you,
! too.
!
! Of course you can also use grep to search through your
! local mail, but this is both slow for big archives and
! inconvenient since you are not displaying the found mail
! in Gnus. Here comes nnir into action. Nnir is a front end
! to search engines like swish-e or swish++ and
! others. You index your mail with one of those search
! engines and with the help of nnir you can search trough
! the indexed mail and generate a temporary group with all
! messages which met your search criteria. If this sound
! cool to you get nnir.el from
! @uref{ftp://ls6-ftp.cs.uni-dortmund.de/pub/src/emacs/}
! or @uref{ftp://ftp.is.informatik.uni-duisburg.de/pub/src/emacs/}.
! Instructions on how to use it are at the top of the file.
!
! @node [6.4]
! @subsubheading Question 6.4
!
! How to get rid of old unwanted mail?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! You can of course just mark the mail you don't need
! anymore by saying @samp{#} with point
! over the mail and then say @samp{B DEL}
! to get rid of them forever. You could also instead of
! actually deleting them, send them to a junk-group by
! saying @samp{B m nnml:trash-bin} which
! you clear from time to time, but both are not the intended
! way in Gnus.
!
! In Gnus, we let mail expire like news expires on a news
! server. That means you tell Gnus the message is
! expirable (you tell Gnus "I don't need this mail
! anymore") by saying @samp{E} with point
! over the mail in summary buffer. Now when you leave the
! group, Gnus looks at all messages which you marked as
! expirable before and if they are old enough (default is
! older than a week) they are deleted.
!
! @node [6.5]
! @subsubheading Question 6.5
!
! I want that all read messages are expired (at least in
! some groups). How to do it?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! If you want all read messages to be expired (e.g. in
! mailing lists where there's an online archive), you've
! got two choices: auto-expire and
! total-expire. Auto-expire means, that every article
! which has no marks set and is selected for reading is
! marked as expirable, Gnus hits @samp{E}
! for you every time you read a message. Total-expire
! follows a slightly different approach, here all article
! where the read mark is set are expirable.
!
! To activate auto-expire, include auto-expire in the
! Group parameters for the group. (Hit @samp{G
! c} in summary buffer with point over the
! group to change group parameters). For total-expire add
! total-expire to the group-parameters.
!
! Which method you choose is merely a matter of taste:
! Auto-expire is faster, but it doesn't play together with
! Adaptive Scoring, so if you want to use this feature,
! you should use total-expire.
!
! If you want a message to be excluded from expiration in
! a group where total or auto expire is active, set either
! tick (hit @samp{u}) or dormant mark (hit
! @samp{u}), when you use auto-expire, you
! can also set the read mark (hit
! @samp{d}).
!
! @node [6.6]
! @subsubheading Question 6.6
! I don't want expiration to delete my mails but to move them
! to another group.
! @subsubheading Answer
! Say something like this in ~/.gnus.el:
@example
(setq nnmail-expiry-target "nnml:expired")
@end example
@noindent
! (If you want to change the value of nnmail-expiry-target
! on a per group basis see the question "How can I disable
! threading in some (e.g. mail-) groups, or set other
! variables specific for some groups?")
!
! @node FAQ 7 - Gnus in a dial-up environment
@subsection Gnus in a dial-up environment
@menu
! * [7.1]:: I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can I
! minimize the time I've got to be connected?
! * [7.2]:: So what was this thing about the Agent?
! * [7.3]:: I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
! * [7.4]:: How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings while
! I'm offline?
@end menu
+ @node [7.1]
+ @subsubheading Question 7.1
! I don't have a permanent connection to the net, how can
! I minimize the time I've got to be connected?
! @subsubheading Answer
! You've got basically two options: Either you use the
! Gnus Agent (see below) for this, or you can install
! programs which fetch your news and mail to your local
! disk and Gnus reads the stuff from your local
! machine.
!
! If you want to follow the second approach, you need a
! program which fetches news and offers them to Gnus, a
! program which does the same for mail and a program which
! receives the mail you write from Gnus and sends them
! when you're online.
!
! Let's talk about Unix systems first: For the news part,
! the easiest solution is a small nntp server like
! @uref{http://www.leafnode.org/, Leafnode} or
! @uref{http://infa.abo.fi/~patrik/sn/, sn},
! of course you can also install a full featured news
! server like
! @uref{http://www.isc.org/products/INN/, inn}.
! Then you want to fetch your Mail, popular choices
! are @uref{http://www.catb.org/~esr/fetchmail/, fetchmail}
! and @uref{http://www.qcc.ca/~charlesc/software/getmail-3.0/, getmail}.
! You should tell those to write the mail to your disk and
! Gnus to read it from there. Last but not least the mail
! sending part: This can be done with every MTA like
! @uref{http://www.sendmail.org/, sendmail},
! @uref{http://www.qmail.org/, postfix},
! @uref{http://www.exim.org/, exim} or
! @uref{http://www.qmail.org/, qmail}.
!
! On windows boxes I'd vote for
! @uref{http://www.tglsoft.de/, Hamster},
! it's a small freeware, open-source program which fetches
! your mail and news from remote servers and offers them
! to Gnus (or any other mail and/or news reader) via nntp
! respectively POP3 or IMAP. It also includes a smtp
! server for receiving mails from Gnus.
!
! @node [7.2]
! @subsubheading Question 7.2
!
! So what was this thing about the Agent?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! The Gnus agent is part of Gnus, it allows you to fetch
! mail and news and store them on disk for reading them
! later when you're offline. It kind of mimics offline
! newsreaders like e.g. Forte Agent. If you want to use
! the Agent place the following in ~/.gnus.el if you are
! still using 5.8.8 or 5.9 (it's the default since 5.10):
@example
(setq gnus-agent t)
@end example
! @noindent
! Now you've got to select the servers whose groups can be
! stored locally. To do this, open the server buffer
! (that is press @samp{^} while in the
! group buffer). Now select a server by moving point to
! the line naming that server. Finally, agentize the
! server by typing @samp{J a}. If you
! make a mistake, or change your mind, you can undo this
! action by typing @samp{J r}. When
! you're done, type 'q' to return to the group buffer.
! Now the next time you enter a group on a agentized
! server, the headers will be stored on disk and read from
! there the next time you enter the group.
!
! @node [7.3]
! @subsubheading Question 7.3
!
! I want to store article bodies on disk, too. How to do it?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! You can tell the agent to automatically fetch the bodies
! of articles which fulfill certain predicates, this is
! done in a special buffer which can be reached by
! saying @samp{J c} in group
! buffer. Please refer to the documentation for
! information which predicates are possible and how
! exactly to do it.
!
! Further on you can tell the agent manually which
! articles to store on disk. There are two ways to do
! this: Number one: In the summary buffer, process mark a
! set of articles that shall be stored in the agent by
! saying @samp{#} with point over the
! article and then type @samp{J s}. The
! other possibility is to set, again in the summary
! buffer, downloadable (%) marks for the articles you
! want by typing @samp{@@} with point over
! the article and then typing @samp{J u}.
! What's the difference? Well, process marks are erased as
! soon as you exit the summary buffer while downloadable
! marks are permanent. You can actually set downloadable
! marks in several groups then use fetch session ('J s' in
! the GROUP buffer) to fetch all of those articles. The
! only downside is that fetch session also fetches all of
! the headers for every selected group on an agentized
! server. Depending on the volume of headers, the initial
! fetch session could take hours.
!
! @node [7.4]
! @subsubheading Question 7.4
!
! How to tell Gnus not to try to send mails / postings
! while I'm offline?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! All you've got to do is to tell Gnus when you are online
! (plugged) and when you are offline (unplugged), the rest
! works automatically. You can toggle plugged/unplugged
! state by saying @samp{J j} in group
! buffer. To start Gnus unplugged say @samp{M-x
! gnus-unplugged} instead of
! @samp{M-x gnus}. Note that for this to
! work, the agent must be active.
! @node FAQ 8 - Getting help
! @subsection Getting help
! @menu
! * [8.1]:: How to find information and help inside Emacs?
! * [8.2]:: I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X (e.g.
! attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
! * [8.3]:: Which websites should I know?
! * [8.4]:: Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
! * [8.5]:: Where to report bugs?
! * [8.6]:: I need real-time help, where to find it?
! @end menu
! @node [8.1]
! @subsubheading Question 8.1
! How to find information and help inside Emacs?
! @subsubheading Answer
! The first stop should be the Gnus manual (Say
! @samp{C-h i d m Gnus RET} to start the
! Gnus manual, then walk through the menus or do a
! full-text search with @samp{s}). Then
! there are the general Emacs help commands starting with
! C-h, type @samp{C-h ? ?} to get a list
! of all available help commands and their meaning. Finally
! @samp{M-x apropos-command} lets you
! search through all available functions and @samp{M-x
! apropos} searches the bound variables.
! @node [8.2]
! @subsubheading Question 8.2
! I can't find anything in the Gnus manual about X
! (e.g. attachments, PGP, MIME...), is it not documented?
! @subsubheading Answer
! There's not only the Gnus manual but also the manuals
! for message, emacs-mime, sieve and pgg. Those packages
! are distributed with Gnus and used by Gnus but aren't
! really part of core Gnus, so they are documented in
! different info files, you should have a look in those
! manuals, too.
! @node [8.3]
! @subsubheading Question 8.3
! Which websites should I know?
! @subsubheading Answer
! The two most important ones are the
! @uref{http://www.gnus.org, official Gnus website}.
! and it's sister site
! @uref{http://my.gnus.org, my.gnus.org (MGO)},
! hosting an archive of lisp snippets, howtos, a (not
! really finished) tutorial and this FAQ.
! Tell me about other sites which are interesting.
! @node [8.4]
! @subsubheading Question 8.4
! Which mailing lists and newsgroups are there?
! @subsubheading Answer
! There's the newsgroup gnu.emacs.gnus (pull it from
! e.g. news.gnus.org) which deals with general questions and the
! ding mailing list (ding@@gnus.org) dealing with development of
! Gnus. You can read the ding list via NNTP, too under the name
! gmane.emacs.gnus.general from news.gmane.org.
! If you want to stay in the big8,
! news.software.newssreaders is also read by some Gnus
! users (but chances for qualified help are much better in
! the above groups) and if you speak German, there's
! de.comm.software.gnus.
! @node [8.5]
! @subsubheading Question 8.5
! Where to report bugs?
! @subsubheading Answer
! Say @samp{M-x gnus-bug}, this will start
! a message to the
! @email{bugs@@gnus.org, gnus bug mailing list}
! including information about your environment which make
! it easier to help you.
! @node [8.6]
! @subsubheading Question 8.6
! I need real-time help, where to find it?
! @subsubheading Answer
! Point your IRC client to irc.my.gnus.org channel
! #mygnus. Don't be afraid if people there speak German,
! they are willing and capable of switching to
! English when people from outside Germany enter.
! @node FAQ 9 - Tuning Gnus
@subsection Tuning Gnus
@menu
! * [9.1]:: Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
! * [9.2]:: How to speed up the process of entering a group?
! * [9.3]:: Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
@end menu
! @node [9.1]
! @subsubheading Question 9.1
! Starting Gnus is really slow, how to speed it up?
! @subsubheading Answer
! The reason for this could be the way Gnus reads it's
! active file, see the node "The Active File" in the Gnus
! manual for things you might try to speed the process up.
! An other idea would be to byte compile your ~/.gnus.el (say
! @samp{M-x byte-compile-file RET ~/.gnus.el
! RET} to do it). Finally, if you have require
! statements in your .gnus, you could replace them with
! eval-after-load, which loads the stuff not at startup
! time, but when it's needed. Say you've got this in your
! ~/.gnus.el:
@example
(require 'message)
(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled))
@end example
@noindent
!
! then as soon as you start Gnus, message.el is loaded. If
! you replace it with
@example
(eval-after-load "message"
'(add-to-list 'message-syntax-checks '(sender . disabled)))
@end example
@noindent
! it's loaded when it's needed.
! @node [9.2]
! @subsubheading Question 9.2
! How to speed up the process of entering a group?
!
! @subsubheading Answer
!
! A speed killer is setting the variable
! gnus-fetch-old-headers to anything different from nil,
! so don't do this if speed is an issue. To speed up
! building of summary say
@example
(gnus-compile)
@end example
@noindent
!
! at the bottom of your ~/.gnus.el, this will make gnus
! byte-compile things like
! gnus-summary-line-format.
! then you could increase the value of gc-cons-threshold
! by saying something like
@example
(setq gc-cons-threshold 3500000)
@end example
@noindent
!
! in ~/.emacs. If you don't care about width of CJK
! characters or use Gnus 5.10 or younger together with a
! recent GNU Emacs, you should say
@example
! (setq gnus-use-correct-string-widths nil)
@end example
@noindent
! in ~/.gnus.el (thanks to Jesper harder for the last
! two suggestions). Finally if you are still using 5.8.8
! or 5.9 and experience speed problems with summary
! buffer generation, you definitely should update to
! 5.10 since there quite some work on improving it has
! been done.
! @node [9.3]
! @subsubheading Question 9.3
! Sending mail becomes slower and slower, what's up?
! @subsubheading Answer
! The reason could be that you told Gnus to archive the
! messages you wrote by setting
! gnus-message-archive-group. Try to use a nnml group
! instead of an archive group, this should bring you back
! to normal speed.
!
! @node FAQ - Glossary
@subsection Glossary
@table @dfn
! @item ~/.gnus.el
! When the term ~/.gnus.el is used it just means your Gnus
! configuration file. You might as well call it ~/.gnus or
! specify another name.
@item Back End
! In Gnus terminology a back end is a virtual server, a layer
! between core Gnus and the real NNTP-, POP3-, IMAP- or
! whatever-server which offers Gnus a standardized interface
! to functions like "get message", "get Headers" etc.
@item Emacs
! When the term Emacs is used in this FAQ, it means either GNU
! Emacs or XEmacs.
@item Message
! In this FAQ message means a either a mail or a posting to a
! Usenet Newsgroup or to some other fancy back end, no matter
! of which kind it is.
@item MUA
! MUA is an acronym for Mail User Agent, it's the program you
! use to read and write e-mails.
@item NUA
! NUA is an acronym for News User Agent, it's the program you
! use to read and write Usenet news.
! @end table
@ignore
! arch-tag: 64dc5692-edb4-4848-a965-7aa0181acbb8
@end ignore
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