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[Emacs-diffs] /srv/bzr/emacs/trunk r106764: More updates to misc.texi.
|
From: |
Chong Yidong |
|
Subject: |
[Emacs-diffs] /srv/bzr/emacs/trunk r106764: More updates to misc.texi. |
|
Date: |
Tue, 03 Jan 2012 16:55:00 +0800 |
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User-agent: |
Bazaar (2.3.1) |
------------------------------------------------------------
revno: 106764
committer: Chong Yidong <address@hidden>
branch nick: trunk
timestamp: Tue 2012-01-03 16:55:00 +0800
message:
More updates to misc.texi.
* doc/emacs/misc.texi (Single Shell): Don't document Lisp usage of
shell-command. Tidy up discussion of synchronicity. Add index
entries for async-shell-command.
(Interactive Shell): Note that M-x shell uses shell-file-name.
Note change in behavior in Emacs 24.
(Shell Mode): Shell mode now uses completion-at-point.
(Shell Prompts): Emphasize that comint-use-prompt-regexp isn't the
default method for recognizing prompts nowadays.
(Shell Ring): Add xref to Minibuffer History.
(Directory Tracking): Explain Dirtrack mode in more detail.
(Term Mode): Fix index entries.
(Paging in Term): Merge into Term Mode.
(Serial Terminal, Emacs Server, emacsclient Options): Copyedits.
(Printing): Fix xref. State default of lpr-switches.
(PostScript): Remove obsolete sentence. Omit description of
non-interactive behaviors.
(Hyperlinking): Improve description.
(Browse-URL): Using compose-mail for mailto URLs is the default.
Document browse-url-mailto-function.
(Goto Address mode): Add index entries. Add xref to Browse-URL.
(FFAP): FFAP is not a minor mode.
(Amusements): M-x lm was renamed to M-x landmark. Document
nato-region.
modified:
admin/FOR-RELEASE
doc/emacs/ChangeLog
doc/emacs/emacs.texi
doc/emacs/misc.texi
etc/NEWS
=== modified file 'admin/FOR-RELEASE'
--- a/admin/FOR-RELEASE 2012-01-01 08:21:38 +0000
+++ b/admin/FOR-RELEASE 2012-01-03 08:55:00 +0000
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@
maintaining.texi cyd
mark.texi cyd
mini.texi
-misc.texi
+misc.texi cyd
modes.texi cyd
msdog.texi
msdog-xtra.texi
=== modified file 'doc/emacs/ChangeLog'
--- a/doc/emacs/ChangeLog 2012-01-01 08:21:38 +0000
+++ b/doc/emacs/ChangeLog 2012-01-03 08:55:00 +0000
@@ -1,3 +1,29 @@
+2012-01-03 Chong Yidong <address@hidden>
+
+ * misc.texi (Single Shell): Don't document Lisp usage of
+ shell-command. Tidy up discussion of synchronicity. Add index
+ entries for async-shell-command.
+ (Interactive Shell): Note that M-x shell uses shell-file-name.
+ Note change in behavior in Emacs 24.
+ (Shell Mode): Shell mode now uses completion-at-point.
+ (Shell Prompts): Emphasize that comint-use-prompt-regexp isn't the
+ default method for recognizing prompts nowadays.
+ (Shell Ring): Add xref to Minibuffer History.
+ (Directory Tracking): Explain Dirtrack mode in more detail.
+ (Term Mode): Fix index entries.
+ (Paging in Term): Merge into Term Mode.
+ (Serial Terminal, Emacs Server, emacsclient Options): Copyedits.
+ (Printing): Fix xref. State default of lpr-switches.
+ (PostScript): Remove obsolete sentence. Omit description of
+ non-interactive behaviors.
+ (Hyperlinking): Improve description.
+ (Browse-URL): Using compose-mail for mailto URLs is the default.
+ Document browse-url-mailto-function.
+ (Goto Address mode): Add index entries. Add xref to Browse-URL.
+ (FFAP): FFAP is not a minor mode.
+ (Amusements): M-x lm was renamed to M-x landmark. Document
+ nato-region.
+
2012-01-01 Chong Yidong <address@hidden>
* misc.texi (Gnus, Buffers of Gnus): Copyedits.
=== modified file 'doc/emacs/emacs.texi'
--- a/doc/emacs/emacs.texi 2012-01-01 08:21:38 +0000
+++ b/doc/emacs/emacs.texi 2012-01-03 08:55:00 +0000
@@ -988,7 +988,6 @@
* Shell Options:: Options for customizing Shell mode.
* Terminal emulator:: An Emacs window as a terminal emulator.
* Term Mode:: Special Emacs commands used in Term mode.
-* Paging in Term:: Paging in the terminal emulator.
* Remote Host:: Connecting to another computer.
* Serial Terminal:: Connecting to a serial port.
=== modified file 'doc/emacs/misc.texi'
--- a/doc/emacs/misc.texi 2012-01-01 08:21:38 +0000
+++ b/doc/emacs/misc.texi 2012-01-03 08:55:00 +0000
@@ -447,27 +447,32 @@
@table @kbd
@item M-! @var{cmd} @key{RET}
-Run the shell command line @var{cmd} and display the output
+Run the shell command @var{cmd} and display the output
(@code{shell-command}).
@item M-| @var{cmd} @key{RET}
-Run the shell command line @var{cmd} with region contents as input;
+Run the shell command @var{cmd} with region contents as input;
optionally replace the region with the output
(@code{shell-command-on-region}).
@item M-& @var{cmd} @key{RET}
-Run the shell command line @var{cmd} asynchronously, and display the
-output (@code{async-shell-command}).
+Run the shell command @var{cmd} asynchronously, and display the output
+(@code{async-shell-command}).
@item M-x shell
-Run a subshell with input and output through an Emacs buffer.
-You can then give commands interactively.
+Run a subshell with input and output through an Emacs buffer. You can
+then give commands interactively.
@item M-x term
-Run a subshell with input and output through an Emacs buffer.
-You can then give commands interactively.
-Full terminal emulation is available.
+Run a subshell with input and output through an Emacs buffer. You can
+then give commands interactively. Full terminal emulation is
+available.
@end table
@kbd{M-x eshell} invokes a shell implemented entirely in Emacs. It
-is documented in a separate manual. @xref{Top,Eshell,Eshell, eshell,
-Eshell: The Emacs Shell}.
+is documented in its own manual.
address@hidden
address@hidden,Eshell,Eshell, eshell, Eshell: The Emacs Shell}.
address@hidden ifnottex
address@hidden
+See the Eshell Info manual, which is distributed with Emacs.
address@hidden iftex
@menu
* Single Shell:: How to run one shell command and return.
@@ -479,7 +484,6 @@
* Options: Shell Options. Options for customizing Shell mode.
* Terminal emulator:: An Emacs window as a terminal emulator.
* Term Mode:: Special Emacs commands used in Term mode.
-* Paging in Term:: Paging in the terminal emulator.
* Remote Host:: Connecting to another computer.
* Serial Terminal:: Connecting to a serial port.
@end menu
@@ -490,53 +494,62 @@
@kindex M-!
@findex shell-command
@kbd{M-!} (@code{shell-command}) reads a line of text using the
-minibuffer and executes it as a shell command in a subshell made just
+minibuffer and executes it as a shell command, in a subshell made just
for that command. Standard input for the command comes from the null
device. If the shell command produces any output, the output appears
either in the echo area (if it is short), or in an Emacs buffer named
address@hidden Command Output*}, which is displayed in another window
-but not selected (if the output is long).
-
- For instance, one way to decompress a file @file{foo.gz} from Emacs
-is to type @kbd{M-! gunzip foo.gz @key{RET}}. That shell command
-normally creates the file @file{foo} and produces no terminal output.
-
- A numeric argument, as in @kbd{M-1 M-!}, says to insert terminal
-output into the current buffer instead of a separate buffer. It puts
-point before the output, and sets the mark after the output. For
-instance, @kbd{M-1 M-! gunzip < foo.gz @key{RET}} would insert the
-uncompressed equivalent of @file{foo.gz} into the current buffer.
-
- If the shell command line ends in @samp{&}, it runs asynchronously.
-For a synchronous shell command, @code{shell-command} returns the
-command's exit status (0 means success), when it is called from a Lisp
-program. You do not get any status information for an asynchronous
-command, since it hasn't finished yet when @code{shell-command} returns.
-
- You can also type @kbd{M-&} (@code{async-shell-command}) to execute
-a shell command asynchronously. This behaves exactly like calling
address@hidden with @samp{&}, except that you do not need to add
-the @samp{&} to the shell command line.
address@hidden Command Output*}, displayed in another window (if the
+output is long).
+
+ For instance, one way to decompress a file named @file{foo.gz} is to
+type @kbd{M-! gunzip foo.gz @key{RET}}. That shell command normally
+creates the file @file{foo} and produces no terminal output.
+
+ A numeric argument to @code{shell-command}, e.g.@: @kbd{M-1 M-!},
+causes it to insert terminal output into the current buffer instead of
+a separate buffer. It puts point before the output, and sets the mark
+after the output. For instance, @kbd{M-1 M-! gunzip < foo.gz
address@hidden would insert the uncompressed form of the file
address@hidden into the current buffer.
+
+ Provided the specified shell command does not end with @samp{&}, it
+runs @dfn{synchronously}, and you must wait for it to exit before
+continuing to use Emacs. To stop waiting, type @kbd{C-g} to quit;
+this sends a @code{SIGINT} signal to terminate the shell command (this
+is the same signal that @kbd{C-c} normally generates in the shell).
+Emacs then waits until the command actually terminates. If the shell
+command doesn't stop (because it ignores the @code{SIGINT} signal),
+type @kbd{C-g} again; this sends the command a @code{SIGKILL} signal,
+which is impossible to ignore.
+
address@hidden M-&
address@hidden async-shell-command
+ A shell command that ends in @samp{&} is executed
address@hidden, and you can continue to use Emacs as it runs.
+You can also type @kbd{M-&} (@code{async-shell-command}) to execute a
+shell command asynchronously; this is exactly like calling @kbd{M-!}
+with a trailing @samp{&}, except that you do not need the @samp{&}.
+The output buffer for asynchronous shell commands is named
address@hidden Shell Command*}. Emacs inserts the output into this
+buffer as it comes in, whether or not the buffer is visible in a
+window.
@kindex M-|
@findex shell-command-on-region
- @kbd{M-|} (@code{shell-command-on-region}) is like @kbd{M-!} but
+ @kbd{M-|} (@code{shell-command-on-region}) is like @kbd{M-!}, but
passes the contents of the region as the standard input to the shell
-command, instead of no input. With a numeric argument, meaning insert
-the output in the current buffer, it deletes the old region and the
-output replaces it as the contents of the region. It returns the
-command's exit status, like @kbd{M-!}.
+command, instead of no input. With a numeric argument, it deletes the
+old region and replaces it with the output from the shell command.
- One use for @kbd{M-|} is to run @code{gpg} to see what keys are in
-the buffer. For instance, if the buffer contains a GPG key, type
address@hidden h M-| gpg @key{RET}} to feed the entire buffer contents to
-the @code{gpg} program. That program will ignore everything except
-the encoded keys, and will output a list of the keys the buffer
-contains.
+ For example, you can use @kbd{M-|} with the @command{gpg} program to
+see what keys are in the buffer. If the buffer contains a GnuPG key,
+type @kbd{C-x h M-| gpg @key{RET}} to feed the entire buffer contents
+to @command{gpg}. This will output the list of keys to the
address@hidden Command Output*} buffer.
@vindex shell-file-name
- Both @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} use @code{shell-file-name} to specify
-the shell to use. This variable is initialized based on your
+ The above commands use the shell specified by the variable
address@hidden Its default value is determined by the
@env{SHELL} environment variable when Emacs is started. If the file
name is relative, Emacs searches the directories in the list
@code{exec-path}; this list is initialized based on the environment
@@ -544,81 +557,65 @@
override either or both of these default initializations (@pxref{Init
File}).
- Both @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} wait for the shell command to complete,
-unless you end the command with @samp{&} to make it asynchronous. To
-stop waiting, type @kbd{C-g} to quit; that terminates the shell
-command with the signal @code{SIGINT}---the same signal that @kbd{C-c}
-normally generates in the shell. Emacs then waits until the command
-actually terminates. If the shell command doesn't stop (because it
-ignores the @code{SIGINT} signal), type @kbd{C-g} again; this sends
-the command a @code{SIGKILL} signal which is impossible to ignore.
-
- Asynchronous commands ending in @samp{&} feed their output into
-the buffer @samp{*Async Shell Command*}. Output arrives in that
-buffer regardless of whether it is visible in a window.
-
To specify a coding system for @kbd{M-!} or @kbd{M-|}, use the command
@kbd{C-x @key{RET} c} immediately beforehand. @xref{Communication Coding}.
@vindex shell-command-default-error-buffer
- Error output from these commands is normally intermixed with the
-regular output. But if the variable
address@hidden has a string as value, and
-it's the name of a buffer, @kbd{M-!} and @kbd{M-|} insert error output
-before point in that buffer.
+ By default, error output is intermixed with the regular output in
+the output buffer. But if you change the value of the variable
address@hidden to a string, error output is
+inserted into a buffer of that name.
@node Interactive Shell
address@hidden Interactive Inferior Shell
address@hidden Interactive Subshell
@findex shell
- To run a subshell interactively, use @kbd{M-x shell}. This creates
-(or reuses) a buffer named @samp{*shell*} and runs a subshell with
-input coming from and output going to that buffer. That is to say,
-any ``terminal output'' from the subshell goes into the buffer,
-advancing point, and any ``terminal input'' for the subshell comes
-from text in the buffer. To give input to the subshell, go to the end
-of the buffer and type the input, terminated by @key{RET}.
+ To run a subshell interactively, type @kbd{M-x shell}. This creates
+(or reuses) a buffer named @samp{*shell*}, and runs a shell subprocess
+with input coming from and output going to that buffer. That is to
+say, any terminal output from the subshell goes into the buffer,
+advancing point, and any terminal input for the subshell comes from
+text in the buffer. To give input to the subshell, go to the end of
+the buffer and type the input, terminated by @key{RET}.
- Emacs does not wait for the subshell to do anything. You can switch
-windows or buffers and edit them while the shell is waiting, or while it is
-running a command. Output from the subshell waits until Emacs has time to
-process it; this happens whenever Emacs is waiting for keyboard input or
-for time to elapse.
+ While the subshell is waiting or running a command, you can switch
+windows or buffers and perform other editing in Emacs. Emacs inserts
+the output from the subshell into the Shell buffer whenever it has
+time to process it (e.g.@: while waiting for keyboard input).
@cindex @code{comint-highlight-input} face
@cindex @code{comint-highlight-prompt} face
- Input lines, once you submit them, are displayed using the face
address@hidden, and prompts are displayed using the
-face @code{comint-highlight-prompt}. This makes it easier to see
-previous input lines in the buffer. @xref{Faces}.
+ In the Shell buffer, prompts are displayed with the face
address@hidden, and submitted input lines are
+displayed with the face @code{comint-highlight-input}. This makes it
+easier to distinguish input lines from the shell output.
address@hidden
- To make multiple subshells, you can invoke @kbd{M-x shell} with a
-prefix argument (e.g. @kbd{C-u M-x shell}), which will read a buffer
-name and create (or reuse) a subshell in that buffer. You can also
-rename the @samp{*shell*} buffer using @kbd{M-x rename-uniquely}, then
-create a new @samp{*shell*} buffer using plain @kbd{M-x shell}.
+ To make multiple subshells, invoke @kbd{M-x shell} with a prefix
+argument (e.g. @kbd{C-u M-x shell}). Then the command will read a
+buffer name, and create (or reuse) a subshell in that buffer. You can
+also rename the @samp{*shell*} buffer using @kbd{M-x rename-uniquely},
+then create a new @samp{*shell*} buffer using plain @kbd{M-x shell}.
Subshells in different buffers run independently and in parallel.
@vindex explicit-shell-file-name
@cindex environment variables for subshells
@cindex @env{ESHELL} environment variable
@cindex @env{SHELL} environment variable
- The file name used to load the subshell is the value of the variable
address@hidden, if that is address@hidden
-Otherwise, the environment variable @env{ESHELL} is used, or the
-environment variable @env{SHELL} if there is no @env{ESHELL}. If the
-file name specified is relative, the directories in the list
address@hidden are searched; this list is initialized based on the
-environment variable @env{PATH} when Emacs is started. Your init file
-can override either or both of these default initializations.
-(@pxref{Init File}).
+ To specify the shell file name used by @kbd{M-x shell}, customize
+the variable @code{explicit-shell-file-name}. If this is @code{nil}
+(the default), Emacs uses the environment variable @env{ESHELL} if it
+exists. Otherwise, it usually uses the variable
address@hidden (@pxref{Single Shell}); but if the default
+directory is remote (@pxref{Remote Files}), it prompts you for the
+shell file name.
Emacs sends the new shell the contents of the file
@file{~/address@hidden as input, if it exists, where
@var{shellname} is the name of the file that the shell was loaded
from. For example, if you use bash, the file sent to it is
address@hidden/.emacs_bash}. If this file is not found, Emacs tries to fallback
-on @file{~/.emacs.d/address@hidden
address@hidden/.emacs_bash}. If this file is not found, Emacs tries with
address@hidden/.emacs.d/address@hidden
To specify a coding system for the shell, you can use the command
@kbd{C-x @key{RET} c} immediately before @kbd{M-x shell}. You can
@@ -627,44 +624,46 @@
Coding}.
@cindex @env{INSIDE_EMACS} environment variable
address@hidden @env{EMACS} environment variable
Emacs sets the environment variable @env{INSIDE_EMACS} in the
-subshell to a comma-separated list including the Emacs version.
-Programs can check this variable to determine whether they are running
-inside an Emacs subshell.
-
address@hidden @env{EMACS} environment variable
- Emacs also sets the @env{EMACS} environment variable (to @code{t}) if
-it is not already defined. @strong{Warning:} This environment
-variable is deprecated. Programs that check this variable should be
-changed to check @env{INSIDE_EMACS} instead.
+subshell to @address@hidden,comint}, where @var{version} is the
+Emacs version (e.g.@: @samp{24.1}). Programs can check this variable
+to determine whether they are running inside an Emacs subshell. (It
+also sets the @env{EMACS} environment variable to @code{t}, if that
+environment variable is not already defined. However, this
+environment variable is deprecated; programs that use it should switch
+to using @env{INSIDE_EMACS} instead.)
@node Shell Mode
@subsection Shell Mode
@cindex Shell mode
@cindex mode, Shell
- Shell buffers use Shell mode, which defines several special keys
-attached to the @kbd{C-c} prefix. They are chosen to resemble the usual
-editing and job control characters present in shells that are not under
-Emacs, except that you must type @kbd{C-c} first. Here is a complete list
-of the special key bindings of Shell mode:
+ The major mode for Shell buffers is Shell mode. Many of its special
+commands are bound to the @kbd{C-c} prefix, and resemble the usual
+editing and job control characters present in ordinary shells, except
+that you must type @kbd{C-c} first. Here is a list of Shell mode
+commands:
@table @kbd
@item @key{RET}
@kindex RET @r{(Shell mode)}
@findex comint-send-input
-At end of buffer send line as input; otherwise, copy current line to
-end of buffer and send it (@code{comint-send-input}). Copying a line
-in this way omits any prompt at the beginning of the line (text output
-by programs preceding your input). @xref{Shell Prompts}, for how
-Shell mode recognizes prompts.
+Send the current line as input to the subshell
+(@code{comint-send-input}). Any shell prompt at the beginning of the
+line is omitted (@pxref{Shell Prompts}). If point is at the end of
+buffer, this is like submitting the command line in an ordinary
+interactive shell. However, you can also invoke @key{RET} elsewhere
+in the shell buffer to submit the current line as input.
@item @key{TAB}
@kindex TAB @r{(Shell mode)}
address@hidden comint-dynamic-complete
-Complete the command name or file name before point in the shell buffer
-(@code{comint-dynamic-complete}). @key{TAB} also completes history
-references (@pxref{History References}) and environment variable names.
address@hidden completion-at-point
+Complete the command name or file name before point in the shell
+buffer (@code{completion-at-point}). This uses the usual Emacs
+completion rules (@pxref{Completion}), with the completion
+alternatives being file names, environment variable names, the shell
+command history, and history references (@pxref{History References}).
@vindex shell-completion-fignore
@vindex comint-completion-fignore
@@ -678,17 +677,16 @@
@item M-?
@kindex M-? @r{(Shell mode)}
@findex address@hidden
-Display temporarily a list of the possible completions of the file name
-before point in the shell buffer
-(@code{comint-dynamic-list-filename-completions}).
+Display temporarily a list of the possible completions of the file
+name before point (@code{comint-dynamic-list-filename-completions}).
@item C-d
@kindex C-d @r{(Shell mode)}
@findex comint-delchar-or-maybe-eof
Either delete a character or send @acronym{EOF}
(@code{comint-delchar-or-maybe-eof}). Typed at the end of the shell
-buffer, @kbd{C-d} sends @acronym{EOF} to the subshell. Typed at any other
-position in the buffer, @kbd{C-d} deletes a character as usual.
+buffer, this sends @acronym{EOF} to the subshell. Typed at any other
+position in the buffer, this deletes a character as usual.
@item C-c C-a
@kindex C-c C-a @r{(Shell mode)}
@@ -784,8 +782,8 @@
(@code{shell-backward-command}).
@item M-x dirs
-Ask the shell what its current directory is, so that Emacs can agree
-with the shell.
+Ask the shell for its working directory, and update the Shell buffer's
+default directory. @xref{Directory Tracking}.
@item M-x send-invisible @key{RET} @var{text} @key{RET}
@findex send-invisible
@@ -854,41 +852,38 @@
@node Shell Prompts
@subsection Shell Prompts
address@hidden shell-prompt-pattern
address@hidden comint-prompt-regexp
address@hidden comint-use-prompt-regexp
@cindex prompt, shell
A prompt is text output by a program to show that it is ready to
accept new user input. Normally, Comint mode (and thus Shell mode)
-considers the prompt to be any text output by a program at the
-beginning of an input line. However, if the variable
address@hidden is address@hidden, then Comint mode
-uses a regular expression to recognize prompts. In Shell mode,
address@hidden specifies the regular expression.
-
- The value of @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} also affects many
-motion and paragraph commands. If the value is address@hidden, the
-general Emacs motion commands behave as they normally do in buffers
-without special text properties. However, if the value is @code{nil},
-the default, then Comint mode divides the buffer into two types of
-``fields'' (ranges of consecutive characters having the same
address@hidden text property): input and output. Prompts are part of
-the output. Most Emacs motion commands do not cross field boundaries,
-unless they move over multiple lines. For instance, when point is in
-input on the same line as a prompt, @kbd{C-a} puts point at the
-beginning of the input if @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} is
address@hidden and at the beginning of the line otherwise.
-
- In Shell mode, only shell prompts start new paragraphs. Thus, a
-paragraph consists of a prompt and the input and output that follow
-it. However, if @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} is @code{nil}, the
-default, most paragraph commands do not cross field boundaries. This
-means that prompts, ranges of input, and ranges of non-prompt output
-behave mostly like separate paragraphs; with this setting, numeric
-arguments to most paragraph commands yield essentially undefined
-behavior. For the purpose of finding paragraph boundaries, Shell mode
-uses @code{shell-prompt-pattern}, regardless of
address@hidden
+automatically figures out part of the buffer is a prompt, based on the
+output of the subprocess. (Specifically, it assumes that any received
+output line which doesn't end with a newline is a prompt.)
+
+ Comint mode divides the buffer into two types of @dfn{fields}: input
+fields (where user input is typed) and output fields (everywhere
+else). Prompts are part of the output fields. Most Emacs motion
+commands do not cross field boundaries, unless they move over multiple
+lines. For instance, when point is in the input field on a shell
+command line, @kbd{C-a} puts point at the beginning of the input
+field, after the prompt. Internally, the fields are implemented using
+the @code{field} text property (@pxref{Text Properties,,, elisp, the
+Emacs Lisp Reference Manual}).
+
address@hidden comint-use-prompt-regexp
address@hidden shell-prompt-pattern
+ If you change the variable @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} to a
address@hidden value, then Comint mode recognize prompts using a
+regular expression (@pxref{Regexps}). In Shell mode, the regular
+expression is specified by the variable @code{shell-prompt-pattern}.
+The default value of @code{comint-use-prompt-regexp} is @code{nil},
+because this method for recognizing prompts is unreliable, but you may
+want to set it to a address@hidden value in unusual circumstances. In
+that case, Emacs does not divide the Comint buffer into fields, so the
+general motion commands behave as they normally do in buffers without
+special text properties. However, you can use the paragraph motion
+commands to conveniently navigate the buffer (@pxref{Paragraphs}); in
+Shell mode, Emacs uses @code{shell-prompt-pattern} as paragraph
+boundaries.
@node Shell History
@subsection Shell Command History
@@ -945,11 +940,12 @@
(@code{comint-dynamic-list-input-ring}).
@end table
- Shell buffers provide a history of previously entered shell commands. To
-reuse shell commands from the history, use the editing commands @kbd{M-p},
address@hidden, @kbd{M-r} and @kbd{M-s}. These work just like the minibuffer
-history commands except that they operate on the text at the end of the
-shell buffer, where you would normally insert text to send to the shell.
+ Shell buffers provide a history of previously entered shell
+commands. To reuse shell commands from the history, use the editing
+commands @kbd{M-p}, @kbd{M-n}, @kbd{M-r} and @kbd{M-s}. These work
+just like the minibuffer history commands (@pxref{Minibuffer
+History}), except that they operate within the Shell buffer rather
+than the minibuffer.
@kbd{M-p} fetches an earlier shell command to the end of the shell
buffer. Successive use of @kbd{M-p} fetches successively earlier
@@ -1076,39 +1072,40 @@
@vindex shell-popd-regexp
@vindex shell-cd-regexp
Shell mode keeps track of @samp{cd}, @samp{pushd} and @samp{popd}
-commands given to the inferior shell, so it can keep the
address@hidden buffer's default directory the same as the shell's
-working directory. It recognizes these commands syntactically, by
-examining lines of input that are sent.
+commands given to the subshell, in order to keep the Shell buffer's
+default directory (@pxref{File Names}) the same as the shell's working
+directory. It recognizes these commands by examining lines of input
+that you send.
If you use aliases for these commands, you can tell Emacs to
-recognize them also. For example, if the value of the variable
address@hidden matches the beginning of a shell command
-line, that line is regarded as a @code{pushd} command. Change this
-variable when you add aliases for @samp{pushd}. Likewise,
address@hidden and @code{shell-cd-regexp} are used to
-recognize commands with the meaning of @samp{popd} and @samp{cd}.
-These commands are recognized only at the beginning of a shell command
-line.
-
address@hidden @c This seems to have been deleted long ago.
address@hidden shell-set-directory-error-hook
- If Emacs gets an error while trying to handle what it believes is a
address@hidden, @samp{pushd} or @samp{popd} command, it runs the hook
address@hidden (@pxref{Hooks}).
address@hidden ignore
+recognize them also, by setting the variables
address@hidden, @code{shell-popd-regexp}, and
address@hidden to the appropriate regular expressions
+(@pxref{Regexps}). For example, if @code{shell-pushd-regexp} matches
+the beginning of a shell command line, that line is regarded as a
address@hidden command. These commands are recognized only at the
+beginning of a shell command line.
@findex dirs
- If Emacs gets confused about changes in the current directory of the
-subshell, use the command @kbd{M-x dirs} to ask the shell what its
-current directory is. This command works for shells that support the
-most common command syntax; it may not work for unusual shells.
+ If Emacs gets confused about changes in the working directory of the
+subshell, type @kbd{M-x dirs}. This command asks the shell for its
+working directory and updates the default directory accordingly. It
+works for shells that support the most common command syntax, but may
+not work for unusual shells.
@findex dirtrack-mode
- You can also use @kbd{M-x dirtrack-mode} to enable (or disable) an
-alternative method of tracking changes in the current directory. This
-method relies on your shell prompt containing the full current working
-directory at all times.
address@hidden Dirtrack mode
address@hidden mode, Dirtrack
address@hidden dirtrack-list
+ You can also use Dirtrack mode, a buffer-local minor mode that
+implements an alternative method of tracking the shell's working
+directory. To use this method, your shell prompt must contain the
+working directory at all times, and you must supply a regular
+expression for recognizing which part of the prompt contains the
+working directory; see the documentation of the variable
address@hidden for details. To use Dirtrack mode, type @kbd{M-x
+dirtrack-mode} in the Shell buffer, or add @code{dirtrack-mode} to
address@hidden (@pxref{Hooks}).
@node Shell Options
@subsection Shell Mode Options
@@ -1185,10 +1182,10 @@
that buffer.
The terminal emulator uses Term mode, which has two input modes. In
-line mode, Term basically acts like Shell mode; see @ref{Shell Mode}.
+line mode, Term basically acts like Shell mode (@pxref{Shell Mode}).
- In char mode, each character is sent directly to the inferior
-subshell, as ``terminal input.'' Any ``echoing'' of your input is the
+ In char mode, each character is sent directly to the subshell, as
+``terminal input.'' Any ``echoing'' of your input is the
responsibility of the subshell. The sole exception is the terminal
escape character, which by default is @kbd{C-c} (@pxref{Term Mode}).
Any ``terminal output'' from the subshell goes into the buffer,
@@ -1204,8 +1201,8 @@
appearance of the window matches what it would be on a real terminal.
You can actually run Emacs inside an Emacs Term window.
- You can use Term mode to communicate with a device connected to a
-serial port of your computer. @xref{Serial Terminal}.
+ You can also Term mode to communicate with a device connected to a
+serial port. @xref{Serial Terminal}.
The file name used to load the subshell is determined the same way
as for Shell mode. To make multiple terminal emulators, rename the
@@ -1223,22 +1220,24 @@
@cindex mode, Term
The terminal emulator uses Term mode, which has two input modes. In
-line mode, Term basically acts like Shell mode; see @ref{Shell Mode}.
-In char mode, each character is sent directly to the inferior
-subshell, except for the Term escape character, normally @kbd{C-c}.
+line mode, Term basically acts like Shell mode (@pxref{Shell Mode}).
+In char mode, each character is sent directly to the subshell, except
+for the Term escape character, normally @kbd{C-c}.
To switch between line and char mode, use these commands:
@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-j @r{(Term mode)}
address@hidden term-char-mode
address@hidden term-line-mode
@item C-c C-j
-Switch to line mode. Do nothing if already in line mode.
+Switch to line mode (@code{term-line-mode}). Do nothing if already in
+line mode.
@kindex C-c C-k @r{(Term mode)}
address@hidden term-line-mode
address@hidden term-char-mode
@item C-c C-k
-Switch to char mode. Do nothing if already in char mode.
+Switch to char mode (@code{term-char-mode}). Do nothing if already in
+char mode.
@end table
The following commands are only available in char mode:
@@ -1253,28 +1252,23 @@
is normally @samp{other-window}.
@end table
address@hidden Paging in Term
address@hidden Page-At-A-Time Output
address@hidden page-at-a-time
-
- Term mode has a page-at-a-time feature. When enabled it makes
-output pause at the end of each screenful.
address@hidden paging in Term mode
+ Term mode has a page-at-a-time feature. When enabled, it makes
+output pause at the end of each screenful:
@table @kbd
@kindex C-c C-q @r{(Term mode)}
@findex term-pager-toggle
@item C-c C-q
Toggle the page-at-a-time feature. This command works in both line
-and char modes. When page-at-a-time is enabled, the mode-line
-displays the word @samp{page}.
+and char modes. When the feature is enabled, the mode-line displays
+the word @samp{page}, and each time Term receives more than a
+screenful of output, it pauses and displays @samp{**MORE**} in the
+mode-line. Type @key{SPC} to display the next screenful of output, or
address@hidden to see your other options. The interface is similar to the
address@hidden program.
@end table
- With page-at-a-time enabled, whenever Term receives more than a
-screenful of output since your last input, it pauses, displaying
address@hidden in the mode-line. Type @key{SPC} to display the next
-screenful of output. Type @kbd{?} to see your other options. The
-interface is similar to the @code{more} program.
-
@node Remote Host
@subsection Remote Host Shell
@cindex remote host
@@ -1297,71 +1291,8 @@
of terminal you're using, by setting the @env{TERM} environment
variable in the environment for the remote login command. (If you use
bash, you do that by writing the variable assignment before the remote
-login command, without separating comma.) Terminal types @samp{ansi}
-or @samp{vt100} will work on most systems.
-
address@hidden If you are talking to a Bourne-compatible
address@hidden shell, and your system understands the @env{TERMCAP} variable,
address@hidden you can use the command @kbd{M-x shell-send-termcap}, which
address@hidden sends a string specifying the terminal type and size.
address@hidden (This command is also useful after the window has changed size.)
-
address@hidden You can of course run @samp{gdb} on that remote computer. One
useful
address@hidden trick: If you invoke gdb with the @code{--fullname} option,
address@hidden it will send special commands to Emacs that will cause Emacs to
address@hidden pop up the source files you're debugging. This will work
address@hidden whether or not gdb is running on a different computer than Emacs,
address@hidden as long as Emacs can access the source files specified by gdb.
-
address@hidden
- You cannot log in to a remote computer using the Shell mode.
address@hidden (This will change when Shell is re-written to use Term.)
-Instead, Emacs provides two commands for logging in to another computer
-and communicating with it through an Emacs buffer using Comint mode:
-
address@hidden @kbd
address@hidden M-x telnet @key{RET} @var{hostname} @key{RET}
-Set up a Telnet connection to the computer named @var{hostname}.
address@hidden M-x rlogin @key{RET} @var{hostname} @key{RET}
-Set up an Rlogin connection to the computer named @var{hostname}.
address@hidden table
-
address@hidden telnet
- Use @kbd{M-x telnet} to set up a Telnet connection to another
-computer. (Telnet is the standard Internet protocol for remote login.)
-It reads the host name of the other computer as an argument with the
-minibuffer. Once the connection is established, talking to the other
-computer works like talking to a subshell: you can edit input with the
-usual Emacs commands, and send it a line at a time by typing @key{RET}.
-The output is inserted in the Telnet buffer interspersed with the input.
-
address@hidden rlogin
address@hidden rlogin-explicit-args
- Use @kbd{M-x rlogin} to set up an Rlogin connection. Rlogin is
-another remote login communication protocol, essentially much like the
-Telnet protocol but incompatible with it, and supported only by certain
-systems. Rlogin's advantages are that you can arrange not to have to
-give your user name and password when communicating between two machines
-you frequently use, and that you can make an 8-bit-clean connection.
-(To do that in Emacs, set @code{rlogin-explicit-args} to @code{("-8")}
-before you run Rlogin.)
-
- @kbd{M-x rlogin} sets up the default file directory of the Emacs
-buffer to access the remote host via FTP (@pxref{File Names}), and it
-tracks the shell commands that change the current directory, just like
-Shell mode.
-
address@hidden rlogin-directory-tracking-mode
- There are two ways of doing directory tracking in an Rlogin
-buffer---either with remote directory names
address@hidden/@var{host}:@var{dir}/} or with local names (that works if the
-``remote'' machine shares file systems with your machine of origin).
-You can use the command @code{rlogin-directory-tracking-mode} to switch
-modes. No argument means use remote directory names, a positive
-argument means use local names, and a negative argument means turn
-off directory tracking.
-
address@hidden ignore
+login command, without a separating comma.) Terminal types
address@hidden or @samp{vt100} will work on most systems.
@node Serial Terminal
@subsection Serial Terminal
@@ -1369,9 +1300,10 @@
@findex serial-term
If you have a device connected to a serial port of your computer,
-you can use Emacs to communicate with it. @kbd{M-x serial-term} will
-ask you for a serial port name and speed and will then open a new
-window in @ref{Term Mode}.
+you can communicate with it by typing @kbd{M-x serial-term}. This
+command asks for a serial port name and speed, and switches to a new
+Term mode buffer. Emacs communicates with the serial device through
+this buffer just like it does with a terminal in ordinary Term mode.
The speed of the serial port is measured in bits per second. The
most common speed is 9600 bits per second. You can change the speed
@@ -1382,10 +1314,6 @@
which means that each byte consists of 8 data bits, No parity check
bit, and 1 stopbit.
- When you have opened the serial port connection, you will see output
-from the device in the window. Also, what you type in the window is
-sent to the device.
-
If the speed or the configuration is wrong, you cannot communicate
with your device and will probably only see garbage output in the
window.
@@ -1397,12 +1325,14 @@
@cindex server, using Emacs as
@cindex @env{EDITOR} environment variable
- Various programs such as @command{mail} can invoke your choice of
-editor to edit a particular piece of text, such as a message that you
-are sending. By convention, most of these programs use the
-environment variable @env{EDITOR} to specify which editor to run. If
-you set @env{EDITOR} to @samp{emacs}, they invoke Emacs---but in an
-inconvenient way, by starting a new Emacs process. This is
+ Various programs can invoke your choice of editor to edit a
+particular piece of text. For instance, version control programs
+invoke an editor to enter version control logs (@pxref{Version
+Control}), and the Unix @command{mail} utility invokes an editor to
+enter a message to send. By convention, your choice of editor is
+specified by the environment variable @env{EDITOR}. If you set
address@hidden to @samp{emacs}, Emacs would be invoked, but in an
+inconvenient way---by starting a new Emacs process. This is
inconvenient because the new Emacs process doesn't share buffers, a
command history, or other kinds of information with any existing Emacs
process.
@@ -1411,30 +1341,33 @@
server}, so that it ``listens'' for external edit requests and acts
accordingly. There are two ways to start an Emacs server:
address@hidden
@findex server-start
- The first is to run the command @code{server-start} in an existing
-Emacs process: either type @kbd{M-x server-start}, or put the
-expression @code{(server-start)} in your initialization file
-(@pxref{Init File}). The existing Emacs process is the server; when
-you exit Emacs, the server dies with the Emacs process.
address@hidden
+Run the command @code{server-start} in an existing Emacs process:
+either type @kbd{M-x server-start}, or put the expression
address@hidden(server-start)} in your init file (@pxref{Init File}). The
+existing Emacs process is the server; when you exit Emacs, the server
+dies with the Emacs process.
@cindex daemon, Emacs
- The second way to start an Emacs server is to run Emacs as a
address@hidden, using the @samp{--daemon} command-line option.
address@hidden Options}. When Emacs is started this way, it calls
address@hidden after initialization, and returns control to the
-calling terminal instead of opening an initial frame; it then waits in
-the background, listening for edit requests.
address@hidden
+Run Emacs as a @dfn{daemon}, using the @samp{--daemon} command-line
+option. @xref{Initial Options}. When Emacs is started this way, it
+calls @code{server-start} after initialization, and returns control to
+the calling terminal instead of opening an initial frame; it then
+waits in the background, listening for edit requests.
address@hidden itemize
@cindex @env{TEXEDIT} environment variable
- Once an Emacs server is set up, you can use a shell command called
address@hidden to connect to the existing Emacs process and
-tell it to visit a file. If you set the @env{EDITOR} environment
-variable to @samp{emacsclient}, programs such as @command{mail} will
-use the existing Emacs process for address@hidden programs use
-a different environment variable; for example, to make @TeX{} use
address@hidden, set the @env{TEXEDIT} environment variable to
address@hidden +%d %s}.}
+ Either way, once an Emacs server is started, you can use a shell
+command called @command{emacsclient} to connect to the Emacs process
+and tell it to visit a file. You can then set the @env{EDITOR}
+environment variable to @samp{emacsclient}, so that external programs
+will use the existing Emacs process for address@hidden
+programs use a different environment variable; for example, to make
address@hidden use @samp{emacsclient}, set the @env{TEXEDIT} environment
+variable to @samp{emacsclient +%d %s}.}
@vindex server-name
You can run multiple Emacs servers on the same machine by giving
@@ -1445,13 +1378,13 @@
name, using the @samp{-s} option (@pxref{emacsclient Options}).
@findex server-eval-at
- If you have defined a server by a unique server name, you can
-connect to this server from other Emacs instances and evaluate forms
-on it by using the @code{server-eval-at} function.
-
address@hidden(server-eval-at "foo" '(+ 1 2))} gives the result @code{3}, if
-there's a server with that name that is listening. If not, an error
-will be signaled.
+ If you have defined a server by a unique server name, it is possible
+to connect to the server from another Emacs instance and evaluate Lisp
+expressions on the server, using the @code{server-eval-at} function.
+For instance, @code{(server-eval-at "foo" '(+ 1 2))} evaluates the
+expression @code{(+ 1 2)} on the @samp{foo} server, and returns
address@hidden (If there is no server with that name, an error is
+signaled.) Currently, this feature is mainly useful for developers.
@menu
* Invoking emacsclient:: Connecting to the Emacs server.
@@ -1565,14 +1498,14 @@
@item -c
Create a new graphical frame, instead of using an existing Emacs
-frame. Emacs 23 can create a graphical frame even if it was started
-in a text-only terminal, provided it is able to connect to a graphical
+frame. Emacs can create a graphical frame even if it was started in a
+text-only terminal, provided it is able to connect to a graphical
display. If no graphical display is available, Emacs creates a new
text-only terminal frame (@pxref{Frames}). If you omit a filename
argument while supplying the @samp{-c} option, the new frame displays
the @samp{*scratch*} buffer (@pxref{Buffers}).
address@hidden -F
address@hidden -F @var{alist}
@itemx address@hidden
Set the parameters for a newly-created graphical frame
(@pxref{Frame Parameters}).
@@ -1653,7 +1586,7 @@
@itemx --tty
@itemx -nw
Create a new Emacs frame on the current text-only terminal, instead of
-using an existing Emacs frame. Emacs 23 can open a text-only terminal
+using an existing Emacs frame. Emacs can open a text-only terminal
even if it was started in another text-only terminal, or on a
graphical display. If you omit a filename argument while supplying
this option, the new frame displays the @samp{*scratch*} buffer.
@@ -1677,23 +1610,23 @@
@cindex hardcopy
@cindex printing
- Emacs provides commands for printing hard copies of either an entire
-buffer or just part of one, with or without page headers. You can
-invoke the printing commands directly, as detailed in the following
-section, or using the @samp{File} menu on the menu bar.
+ Emacs provides commands for printing hardcopies of either an entire
+buffer or part of one. You can invoke the printing commands directly,
+as detailed below, or using the @samp{File} menu on the menu bar.
@findex htmlfontify-buffer
Aside from the commands described in this section, you can also
-``print'' an Emacs buffer to HTML with @kbd{M-x htmlfontify-buffer}.
-This command converts the current buffer to a HTML file, replacing
-Emacs faces with CSS-based markup. In addition, see the hardcopy
-commands of Dired (@pxref{Misc File Ops}) and the diary
-(@pxref{Displaying the Diary}).
+print hardcopies from Dired (@pxref{Operating on Files}) and the diary
+(@pxref{Displaying the Diary}). You can also ``print'' an Emacs
+buffer to HTML with the command @kbd{M-x htmlfontify-buffer}, which
+converts the current buffer to a HTML file, replacing Emacs faces with
+CSS-based markup. Furthermore, Org mode allows you to ``print'' Org
+files to a variety of formats, such as PDF (@pxref{Org Mode}).
@table @kbd
@item M-x print-buffer
-Print hardcopy of current buffer with page headings containing the file
-name and page number.
+Print hardcopy of current buffer with page headings containing the
+file name and page number.
@item M-x lpr-buffer
Print hardcopy of current buffer without page headings.
@item M-x print-region
@@ -1707,33 +1640,32 @@
@findex lpr-buffer
@findex lpr-region
@vindex lpr-switches
- The hardcopy commands (aside from the PostScript commands) pass extra
-switches to the @code{lpr} program based on the value of the variable
address@hidden Its value should be a list of strings, each string
-an option starting with @samp{-}. For example, to specify a line width
-of 80 columns for all the printing you do in Emacs, set
address@hidden like this:
-
address@hidden
-(setq lpr-switches '("-w80"))
address@hidden example
address@hidden lpr-commands
+ On most operating system, the above hardcopy commands submit files
+for printing by calling the @command{lpr} program. To change the
+printer program, customize the variable @code{lpr-command}. To
+specify extra switches to give the printer program, customize the list
+variable @code{lpr-switches}. Its value should be a list of option
+strings, each of which should start with @samp{-} (e.g.@: the option
+string @code{"-w80"} specifies a line width of 80 columns). The
+default is the empty list, @code{nil}.
@vindex printer-name
- You can specify the printer to use by setting the variable
address@hidden
address@hidden lpr-printer-switch
+ To specify the printer to use, set the variable @code{printer-name}.
+The default, @code{nil}, specifies the default printer. If you set it
+to a printer name (a string), that name is passed to @command{lpr}
+with the @samp{-P} switch; if you are not using @command{lpr}, you
+should specify the switch with @code{lpr-printer-switch}.
@vindex lpr-headers-switches
address@hidden lpr-commands
@vindex lpr-add-switches
- The variable @code{lpr-command} specifies the name of the printer
-program to run; the default value depends on your operating system type.
-On most systems, the default is @code{"lpr"}. The variable
address@hidden similarly specifies the extra switches to
-use to make page headers. The variable @code{lpr-add-switches} controls
-whether to supply @samp{-T} and @samp{-J} options (suitable for
address@hidden) to the printer program: @code{nil} means don't add them.
address@hidden should be @code{nil} if your printer program is
-not compatible with @code{lpr}.
+ The variable @code{lpr-headers-switches} similarly specifies the
+extra switches to use to make page headers. The variable
address@hidden controls whether to supply @samp{-T} and
address@hidden options (suitable for @command{lpr}) to the printer program:
address@hidden means don't add them (this should be the value if your
+printer program is not compatible with @command{lpr}).
@menu
* PostScript:: Printing buffers or regions as PostScript.
@@ -1776,28 +1708,17 @@
@findex ps-print-buffer
@findex ps-print-region-with-faces
@findex ps-print-buffer-with-faces
- The PostScript commands, @code{ps-print-buffer} and
address@hidden, print buffer contents in PostScript form. One
-command prints the entire buffer; the other, just the region. The
-corresponding @samp{-with-faces} commands,
address@hidden and @code{ps-print-region-with-faces},
-use PostScript features to show the faces (fonts and colors) in the text
-properties of the text being printed. The @samp{-with-faces} commands only
-work if they are used in a window system, so it has a way to determine color
-values.
+ The @code{ps-print-buffer} and @code{ps-print-region} commands print
+buffer contents in PostScript form. One command prints the entire
+buffer; the other, just the region. The commands
address@hidden and
address@hidden behave similarly, but use PostScript
+features to show the faces (fonts and colors) of the buffer text.
Interactively, when you use a prefix argument (@kbd{C-u}), the command
prompts the user for a file name, and saves the PostScript image in that file
instead of sending it to the printer.
- Noninteractively, the argument @var{filename} is treated as follows: if it is
address@hidden, send the image to the printer. If @var{filename} is a string,
save
-the PostScript image in a file with that name.
-
- If you are using a color display, you can print a buffer of program
-code with color highlighting by turning on Font-Lock mode in that
-buffer, and using @code{ps-print-buffer-with-faces}.
-
@findex ps-spool-region
@findex ps-spool-buffer
@findex ps-spool-region-with-faces
@@ -1806,31 +1727,21 @@
generate the PostScript output in an Emacs buffer instead of sending
it to the printer.
- Use the command @code{ps-despool} to send the spooled images to the printer.
-
@findex ps-despool
- This command sends the PostScript generated by @samp{-spool-} commands (see
-commands above) to the printer.
-
- Interactively, when you use a prefix argument (@kbd{C-u}), the command
-prompts the user for a file name, and saves the spooled PostScript image in
-that file instead of sending it to the printer.
-
- Noninteractively, the argument @var{filename} is treated as follows: if it is
address@hidden, send the image to the printer. If @var{filename} is a string,
save
-the PostScript image in a file with that name.
+ Use the command @code{ps-despool} to send the spooled images to the
+printer. This command sends the PostScript generated by
address@hidden commands (see commands above) to the printer. With a
+prefix argument (@kbd{C-u}), it prompts for a file name, and saves the
+spooled PostScript image in that file instead of sending it to the
+printer.
@findex handwrite
@cindex handwriting
address@hidden handwrite} is more frivolous. It generates a PostScript
+ @kbd{M-x handwrite} is more frivolous. It generates a PostScript
rendition of the current buffer as a cursive handwritten document. It
can be customized in group @code{handwrite}. This function only
supports ISO 8859-1 characters.
address@hidden
- The following section describes variables for customizing these commands.
address@hidden ifnottex
-
@node PostScript Variables, Printing Package, PostScript, Printing
@subsection Variables for PostScript Hardcopy
@@ -2379,26 +2290,8 @@
@node Hyperlinking, Amusements, Emulation, Top
@section Hyperlinking and Navigation Features
address@hidden hyperlinking
address@hidden navigation
- Various modes documented elsewhere have hypertext features so that
-you can follow links, usually by clicking @kbd{Mouse-2} on the link or
-typing @key{RET} while point is on the link. Clicking @kbd{Mouse-1}
-quickly on the link also follows it. (Hold @kbd{Mouse-1} for longer
-if you want to set point instead.)
-
- Info mode, Help mode and the Dired-like modes are examples of modes
-that have links in the buffer. The Tags facility links between uses
-and definitions in source files, see @ref{Tags}. Imenu provides
-navigation amongst items indexed in the current buffer, see
address@hidden Info-lookup provides mode-specific lookup of definitions
-in Info indexes, see @ref{Documentation}. Speedbar maintains a frame
-in which links to files, and locations in files are displayed, see
address@hidden
-
- Other non-mode-specific facilities described in this section enable
-following links from the current buffer in a context-sensitive
-fashion.
+ The following subsections describe convenience features for handling
+URLs and other types of links occurring in Emacs buffer text.
@menu
* Browse-URL:: Following URLs.
@@ -2421,31 +2314,31 @@
Load a URL into a Web browser.
@end table
-The Browse-URL package provides facilities for following URLs specifying
-links on the World Wide Web. Usually this works by invoking a web
-browser, but you can, for instance, arrange to invoke @code{compose-mail}
-from @samp{mailto:} URLs.
-
- The general way to use this feature is to type @kbd{M-x browse-url},
-which displays a specified URL. If point is located near a plausible
-URL, that URL is used as the default. Other commands are available
-which you might like to bind to keys, such as
address@hidden and @code{browse-url-at-mouse}.
-
+ The Browse-URL package allows you to easily follow URLs from within
+Emacs. Most URLs are followed by invoking a web browser;
address@hidden:} URLs are followed by invoking the @code{compose-mail}
+Emacs command to send mail to the specified address (@pxref{Sending
+Mail}).
+
+ The command @kbd{M-x browse-url} prompts for a URL, and follows it.
+If point is located near a plausible URL, that URL is offered as the
+default. The Browse-URL package also provides other commands which
+you might like to bind to keys, such as @code{browse-url-at-point} and
address@hidden
+
address@hidden browse-url-mailto-function
@vindex browse-url-browser-function
You can customize Browse-URL's behavior via various options in the
address@hidden Customize group, particularly
address@hidden You can invoke actions dependent
-on the type of URL by defining @code{browse-url-browser-function} as
-an association list. The package's commentary available via @kbd{C-h
-p} under the @samp{hypermedia} keyword provides more information.
-Packages with facilities for following URLs should always go through
-Browse-URL, so that the customization options for Browse-URL will
-affect all browsing in Emacs.
address@hidden Customize group. In particular, the option
address@hidden lets you define how to follow
address@hidden:} URLs, while @code{browse-url-browser-function} lets you
+define how to follow other types of URLs. For more information, view
+the package commentary by typing @kbd{C-h P browse-url @key{RET}}.
@node Goto Address mode
@subsection Activating URLs
@findex goto-address-mode
address@hidden mode, Goto Address
@cindex Goto Address mode
@cindex URLs, activating
@@ -2454,20 +2347,23 @@
Activate URLs and e-mail addresses in the current buffer.
@end table
- You can make URLs in the current buffer active with @kbd{M-x
-goto-address-mode}. This minor mode finds all the URLs in the buffer,
-highlights them, and turns them into @dfn{buttons}: if you click on a
-URL with @kbd{Mouse-1} or @kbd{Mouse-2} (@pxref{Mouse References}), or
-move to the URL and type @kbd{C-c @key{RET}}, that displays the web
-page that the URL specifies. For a @samp{mailto} URL, it sends mail
-instead, using your selected mail-composition method (@pxref{Mail
-Methods}).
address@hidden C-c RET @r{(Goto Address mode)}
address@hidden goto-address-at-point
+ You can make Emacs mark out URLs specially in the current buffer, by
+typing @kbd{M-x goto-address-mode}. When this buffer-local minor mode
+is enabled, it finds all the URLs in the buffer, highlights them, and
+turns them into clickable buttons. You can follow the URL by typing
address@hidden @key{RET}} (@code{goto-address-at-point}) while point is on
+its text; or by clicking with @kbd{Mouse-2}, or by clicking
address@hidden quickly (@pxref{Mouse References}). Following a URL is
+done by calling @code{browse-url} as a subroutine
+(@pxref{Browse-URL}).
It can be useful to add @code{goto-address-mode} to mode hooks and
-the hooks used to display an incoming message (e.g.,
address@hidden for Rmail, and @code{mh-show-mode-hook}
-for MH-E). This is not needed for Gnus, which has a similar feature
-of its own.
+hooks for displaying an incoming message
+(e.g.@: @code{rmail-show-message-hook} for Rmail, and
address@hidden for MH-E). This is not needed for Gnus,
+which has a similar feature of its own.
@node FFAP
@subsection Finding Files and URLs at Point
@@ -2478,24 +2374,24 @@
@findex ffap-menu
@cindex finding file at point
- FFAP mode replaces certain key bindings for finding files, including
address@hidden C-f}, with commands that provide more sensitive defaults.
-These commands behave like the ordinary ones when given a prefix
-argument. Otherwise, they get the default file name or URL from the
-text around point. If what is found in the buffer has the form of a
-URL rather than a file name, the commands use @code{browse-url} to
-view it.
+ The FFAP package replaces certain key bindings for finding files,
+such as @kbd{C-x C-f}, with commands that provide more sensitive
+defaults. These commands behave like the ordinary ones when given a
+prefix argument. Otherwise, they get the default file name or URL
+from the text around point. If what is found in the buffer has the
+form of a URL rather than a file name, the commands use
address@hidden to view it (@pxref{Browse-URL}).
This feature is useful for following references in mail or news
-buffers, @file{README} files, @file{MANIFEST} files, and so on. The
address@hidden package's commentary available via @kbd{C-h p} under the
address@hidden keyword and the @code{ffap} Custom group provide details.
+buffers, @file{README} files, @file{MANIFEST} files, and so on. For
+more information, view the package commentary by typing @kbd{C-h P
+ffap @key{RET}}.
@cindex FFAP minor mode
@findex ffap-mode
- You can turn on FFAP minor mode by calling @code{ffap-bindings} to
-make the following key bindings and to install hooks for using
address@hidden in Rmail, Gnus and VM article buffers.
+ To enable FFAP, type @kbd{M-x ffap-bindings}. This makes the
+following key bindings, and also installs hooks for additional FFAP
+functionality in Rmail, Gnus and VM article buffers.
@table @kbd
@item C-x C-f @var{filename} @key{RET}
@@ -2604,18 +2500,22 @@
@cindex Life
@kbd{M-x life} runs Conway's ``Life'' cellular automaton.
address@hidden lm
address@hidden landmark
@cindex landmark game
- @kbd{M-x lm} runs a relatively non-participatory game in which a
-robot attempts to maneuver towards a tree at the center of the window
-based on unique olfactory cues from each of the four directions.
+ @kbd{M-x landmark} runs a relatively non-participatory game in which
+a robot attempts to maneuver towards a tree at the center of the
+window based on unique olfactory cues from each of the four
+directions.
@findex morse-region
@findex unmorse-region
address@hidden nato-region
@cindex Morse code
@cindex --/---/.-./.../.
- @kbd{M-x morse-region} converts text in a region to Morse code and
address@hidden unmorse-region} converts it back. No cause for remorse.
+ @kbd{M-x morse-region} converts the text in the region to Morse
+code; @kbd{M-x unmorse-region} converts it back. @kbd{M-x
+nato-region} converts the text in the region to NATO phonetic
+alphabet; @kbd{M-x denato-region} converts it back.
@findex pong
@cindex Pong game
@@ -2635,9 +2535,11 @@
The command @kbd{M-x zone} plays games with the display when Emacs
is idle.
- Finally, if you find yourself frustrated, try the famous Eliza
-program. Just do @kbd{M-x doctor}. End each input by typing
address@hidden twice.
address@hidden doctor
address@hidden Eliza
+ Finally, if you find yourself frustrated, try describing your
+problems to the famous psychotherapist Eliza. Just do @kbd{M-x
+doctor}. End each input by typing @key{RET} twice.
@ifnottex
@lowersections
=== modified file 'etc/NEWS'
--- a/etc/NEWS 2012-01-02 09:27:32 +0000
+++ b/etc/NEWS 2012-01-03 08:55:00 +0000
@@ -566,6 +566,7 @@
+++
** Archive Mode has basic support for browsing and updating 7z archives.
++++
** browse-url has a new variable `browse-url-mailto-function'
specifies how mailto: URLs are handled. The default is `browse-url-mail'.
@@ -692,7 +693,7 @@
exists, that is used instead.
** gdb-mi
-
++++
*** GDB User Interface migrated to GDB Machine Interface and now
supports multithread non-stop debugging and debugging of several
threads simultaneously.
@@ -718,6 +719,7 @@
remember the name of the buffer visiting the manual you want to
consult.
++++
** The Landmark game is now invoked with `landmark', not `lm'.
** MH-E has been upgraded to MH-E version 8.3.1.
@@ -742,9 +744,9 @@
Try using `rmail-show-message-hook' instead.
** Shell mode
-
++++
*** Shell mode uses pcomplete rules, with the standard completion UI.
-
++++
*** The `shell' command prompts for the shell path name if the default
directory is a remote file name and neither the environment variable
$ESHELL nor the variable `explicit-shell-file-name' is set.
@@ -898,6 +900,7 @@
---
*** `copyright-fix-years' can optionally convert consecutive years to ranges.
++++
*** New command `nato-region' converts text to NATO phonetic alphabet.
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