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Changes to grep/manual/html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressio
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From: |
Jim Meyering |
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Subject: |
Changes to grep/manual/html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html, v |
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Date: |
Tue, 18 Feb 2014 03:42:17 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/grep
Module name: grep
Changes by: Jim Meyering <meyering> 14/02/18 03:42:13
Index: html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/webcvs/grep/grep/manual/html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html,v
retrieving revision 1.15
retrieving revision 1.16
diff -u -b -r1.15 -r1.16
--- html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html 2 Jan 2014
06:37:15 -0000 1.15
+++ html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html 18 Feb 2014
03:42:12 -0000 1.16
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
<html lang="en">
<head>
-<title>Character Classes and Bracket Expressions - GNU Grep 2.16</title>
+<title>Character Classes and Bracket Expressions - GNU Grep 2.17</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
-<meta name="description" content="GNU Grep 2.16">
+<meta name="description" content="GNU Grep 2.17">
<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13">
<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
<link rel="up" href="Regular-Expressions.html#Regular-Expressions"
title="Regular Expressions">
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
<h3 class="section">3.2 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions</h3>
-<p><a name="index-bracket-expression-214"></a><a
name="index-character-class-215"></a>A <dfn>bracket expression</dfn> is a list
of characters enclosed by ‘<samp><span
class="samp">[</span></samp>’ and
+<p><a name="index-bracket-expression-212"></a><a
name="index-character-class-213"></a>A <dfn>bracket expression</dfn> is a list
of characters enclosed by ‘<samp><span
class="samp">[</span></samp>’ and
‘<samp><span class="samp">]</span></samp>’.
It matches any single character in that list;
if the first character of the list is the caret ‘<samp><span
class="samp">^</span></samp>’,
@@ -55,17 +55,16 @@
For example, the regular expression
‘<samp><span class="samp">[0123456789]</span></samp>’ matches any
single digit.
- <p><a name="index-range-expression-216"></a>Within a bracket expression, a
<dfn>range expression</dfn> consists of two
+ <p><a name="index-range-expression-214"></a>Within a bracket expression, a
<dfn>range expression</dfn> consists of two
characters separated by a hyphen.
It matches any single character that
-sorts between the two characters, inclusive, using the locale's
-collating sequence and character set.
-For example, in the default C
-locale, ‘<samp><span class="samp">[a-d]</span></samp>’ is
equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">[abcd]</span></samp>’.
-Many locales sort
-characters in dictionary order, and in these locales ‘<samp><span
class="samp">[a-d]</span></samp>’ is
-typically not equivalent to ‘<samp><span
class="samp">[abcd]</span></samp>’;
-it might be equivalent to ‘<samp><span
class="samp">[aBbCcDd]</span></samp>’, for example.
+sorts between the two characters, inclusive.
+In the default C locale, the sorting sequence is the native character
+order; for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">[a-d]</span></samp>’
is equivalent to ‘<samp><span class="samp">[abcd]</span></samp>’.
+In other locales, the sorting sequence is not specified, and
+‘<samp><span class="samp">[a-d]</span></samp>’ might be equivalent
to ‘<samp><span class="samp">[abcd]</span></samp>’ or to
+‘<samp><span class="samp">[aBbCcDd]</span></samp>’, or it might
fail to match any character, or the set of
+characters that it matches might even be erratic.
To obtain the traditional interpretation
of bracket expressions, you can use the ‘<samp><span
class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale by setting the
<samp><span class="env">LC_ALL</span></samp> environment variable to the value
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’.
@@ -76,48 +75,48 @@
for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">[[:alnum:]]</span></samp>’
means the character class of numbers and letters
in the current locale.
- <p><a name="index-classes-of-characters-217"></a><a
name="index-character-classes-218"></a>
+ <p><a name="index-classes-of-characters-215"></a><a
name="index-character-classes-216"></a>
<dl>
-<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">[:alnum:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-alnum-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-219"></a><a
name="index-alphanumeric-characters-220"></a>Alphanumeric characters:
+<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">[:alnum:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-alnum-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-217"></a><a
name="index-alphanumeric-characters-218"></a>Alphanumeric characters:
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:alpha:]</span></samp>’ and
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:digit:]</span></samp>’; in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character encoding, this is the same as ‘<samp><span
class="samp">[0-9A-Za-z]</span></samp>’.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:alpha:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-alpha-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-221"></a><a
name="index-alphabetic-characters-222"></a>Alphabetic characters:
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:alpha:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-alpha-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-219"></a><a
name="index-alphabetic-characters-220"></a>Alphabetic characters:
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:lower:]</span></samp>’ and
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:upper:]</span></samp>’; in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character encoding, this is the same as ‘<samp><span
class="samp">[A-Za-z]</span></samp>’.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:blank:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-blank-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-223"></a><a
name="index-blank-characters-224"></a>Blank characters:
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:blank:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-blank-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-221"></a><a
name="index-blank-characters-222"></a>Blank characters:
space and tab.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:cntrl:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-cntrl-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-225"></a><a
name="index-control-characters-226"></a>Control characters.
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:cntrl:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-cntrl-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-223"></a><a
name="index-control-characters-224"></a>Control characters.
In ASCII, these characters have octal codes 000
through 037, and 177 (<code>DEL</code>).
In other character sets, these are
the equivalent characters, if any.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:digit:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-digit-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-227"></a><a
name="index-digit-characters-228"></a><a
name="index-numeric-characters-229"></a>Digits: <code>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9</code>.
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:digit:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-digit-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-225"></a><a
name="index-digit-characters-226"></a><a
name="index-numeric-characters-227"></a>Digits: <code>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9</code>.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:graph:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-graph-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-230"></a><a
name="index-graphic-characters-231"></a>Graphical characters:
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:graph:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-graph-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-228"></a><a
name="index-graphic-characters-229"></a>Graphical characters:
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:alnum:]</span></samp>’ and
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:punct:]</span></samp>’.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:lower:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-lower-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-232"></a><a
name="index-lower_002dcase-letters-233"></a>Lower-case letters; in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:lower:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-lower-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-230"></a><a
name="index-lower_002dcase-letters-231"></a>Lower-case letters; in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character
encoding, this is
<code>a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z</code>.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:print:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-print-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-234"></a><a
name="index-printable-characters-235"></a>Printable characters:
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:print:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-print-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-232"></a><a
name="index-printable-characters-233"></a>Printable characters:
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:alnum:]</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:punct:]</span></samp>’, and space.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:punct:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-punct-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-236"></a><a
name="index-punctuation-characters-237"></a>Punctuation characters; in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:punct:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-punct-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-234"></a><a
name="index-punctuation-characters-235"></a>Punctuation characters; in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character
encoding, this is
<code>! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / : ; < = > ? @ [ \ ] ^ _ ` { | }
~</code>.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:space:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-space-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-238"></a><a
name="index-space-characters-239"></a><a
name="index-whitespace-characters-240"></a>Space characters: in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale, this is
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:space:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-space-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-236"></a><a
name="index-space-characters-237"></a><a
name="index-whitespace-characters-238"></a>Space characters: in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale, this is
tab, newline, vertical tab, form feed, carriage return, and space.
See <a href="Usage.html#Usage">Usage</a>, for more discussion of matching
newlines.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:upper:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-upper-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-241"></a><a
name="index-upper_002dcase-letters-242"></a>Upper-case letters: in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:upper:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-upper-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-239"></a><a
name="index-upper_002dcase-letters-240"></a>Upper-case letters: in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character
encoding, this is
<code>A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z</code>.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:xdigit:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-xdigit-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-243"></a><a
name="index-xdigit-class-244"></a><a
name="index-hexadecimal-digits-245"></a>Hexadecimal digits:
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:xdigit:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-xdigit-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-241"></a><a
name="index-xdigit-class-242"></a><a
name="index-hexadecimal-digits-243"></a>Hexadecimal digits:
<code>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F a b c d e f</code>.
</dl>
- Changes to grep/manual/html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html, v,
Jim Meyering <=