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02/05: talks: Add Scheme Workshop 2016 talk.
|
From: |
Ludovic Courtès |
|
Subject: |
02/05: talks: Add Scheme Workshop 2016 talk. |
|
Date: |
Mon, 19 Sep 2016 12:51:17 +0000 (UTC) |
civodul pushed a commit to branch master
in repository maintenance.
commit ad142a4347b948c6a815e698d5ea4dcd0bef24a3
Author: Ludovic Courtès <address@hidden>
Date: Thu Sep 15 12:05:04 2016 +0200
talks: Add Scheme Workshop 2016 talk.
---
.gitignore | 9 +
.../scheme-2016/images/GuixSD-horizontal-print.pdf | 1 +
talks/scheme-2016/images/GuixSD.pdf | 1 +
talks/scheme-2016/images/guile-graph.dot | 46 +
talks/scheme-2016/images/lmi-machine.jpg | 1 +
talks/scheme-2016/images/nix-shell-escapes.png | Bin 0 -> 37896 bytes
.../images/poor-staging-good-staging.jpg | Bin 0 -> 73951 bytes
talks/scheme-2016/outline.org | 175 ++++
talks/scheme-2016/rules.ini | 9 +
talks/scheme-2016/talk.tex | 880 ++++++++++++++++++++
10 files changed, 1122 insertions(+)
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 1b9112d..d1e06e9 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -68,3 +68,12 @@
/talks/ghm-2016/subsystems/talk.snm
/talks/ghm-2016/subsystems/talk.toc
/talks/ghm-2016/subsystems/talk.vrb
+/talks/scheme-2016/talk.aux
+/talks/scheme-2016/talk.log
+/talks/scheme-2016/talk.nav
+/talks/scheme-2016/talk.out
+/talks/scheme-2016/talk.pdf
+/talks/scheme-2016/talk.snm
+/talks/scheme-2016/talk.toc
+/talks/scheme-2016/talk.vrb
+/talks/scheme-2016/images/guile-graph.pdf
diff --git a/talks/scheme-2016/images/GuixSD-horizontal-print.pdf
b/talks/scheme-2016/images/GuixSD-horizontal-print.pdf
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..091734e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/talks/scheme-2016/images/GuixSD-horizontal-print.pdf
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../ghm-2016/update/images/GuixSD-horizontal-print.pdf
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/talks/scheme-2016/images/GuixSD.pdf
b/talks/scheme-2016/images/GuixSD.pdf
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..2f5540a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/talks/scheme-2016/images/GuixSD.pdf
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../ghm-2016/update/images/GuixSD.pdf
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/talks/scheme-2016/images/guile-graph.dot
b/talks/scheme-2016/images/guile-graph.dot
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82f1ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/talks/scheme-2016/images/guile-graph.dot
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+digraph "Guix package" {
+ "55374208" [label = "guile-2.0.11", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "55374208" -> "32452352" [color = dimgrey];
+ "55374208" -> "41446208" [color = dimgrey];
+ "55374208" -> "37571584" [color = dimgrey];
+ "55374208" -> "60265792" [color = dimgrey];
+ "55374208" -> "43047552" [color = dimgrey];
+ "55374208" -> "60381824" [color = dimgrey];
+ "55374208" -> "43048320" [color = dimgrey];
+ "55374208" -> "41444480" [color = dimgrey];
+ "32452352" [label = "pkg-config-0.29", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "41446208" [label = "libffi-3.2.1", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "37571584" [label = "readline-6.3", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "37571584" -> "37572160" [color = darkseagreen];
+ "37572160" [label = "ncurses-6.0", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "60265792" [label = "bash-4.3.42", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "60265792" -> "37570624" [color = magenta];
+ "60265792" -> "37571584" [color = magenta];
+ "60265792" -> "37572160" [color = magenta];
+ "37570624" [label = "bison-3.0.4", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "37570624" -> "29906048" [color = dimgrey];
+ "37570624" -> "37572352" [color = dimgrey];
+ "37570624" -> "37570816" [color = dimgrey];
+ "37570624" -> "37572352" [color = dimgrey];
+ "29906048" [label = "perl-5.22.1", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "37572352" [label = "m4-1.4.17", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "37570816" [label = "flex-2.6.0", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "37570816" -> "37572352" [color = magenta];
+ "37570816" -> "74272960" [color = magenta];
+ "37570816" -> "37571008" [color = magenta];
+ "37570816" -> "37572352" [color = magenta];
+ "74272960" [label = "bison-2.7.1", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "74272960" -> "29906048" [color = magenta];
+ "74272960" -> "37572352" [color = magenta];
+ "74272960" -> "37572352" [color = magenta];
+ "37571008" [label = "indent-2.2.10", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "43047552" [label = "libunistring-0.9.6", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "60381824" [label = "libltdl-2.4.6", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "43048320" [label = "libgc-7.4.2", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "43048320" -> "32452352" [color = darkviolet];
+ "43048320" -> "43048512" [color = darkviolet];
+ "43048512" [label = "libatomic-ops-7.4.2", shape = box, fontname =
Helvetica];
+ "41444480" [label = "gmp-6.1.0", shape = box, fontname = Helvetica];
+ "41444480" -> "37572352" [color = blue];
+
+}
diff --git a/talks/scheme-2016/images/lmi-machine.jpg
b/talks/scheme-2016/images/lmi-machine.jpg
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..b3c89e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/talks/scheme-2016/images/lmi-machine.jpg
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../els-2013/images/lmi-machine.jpg
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/talks/scheme-2016/images/nix-shell-escapes.png
b/talks/scheme-2016/images/nix-shell-escapes.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e27b7d4
Binary files /dev/null and b/talks/scheme-2016/images/nix-shell-escapes.png
differ
diff --git a/talks/scheme-2016/images/poor-staging-good-staging.jpg
b/talks/scheme-2016/images/poor-staging-good-staging.jpg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b932f6
Binary files /dev/null and
b/talks/scheme-2016/images/poor-staging-good-staging.jpg differ
diff --git a/talks/scheme-2016/outline.org b/talks/scheme-2016/outline.org
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..066b5ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/talks/scheme-2016/outline.org
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+#+TITLE: GNU Guix or the Search for a New Scheme Machine
+#+TITLE: GNU Guix or Putting Your GNU/Linux Distro Within Reach of the REPL
+#+TITLE: GNU Guix: The Functional GNU/Linux Distro That’s a Scheme Library
+
+* abstract
+
+GNUÂ Guix is a functional package manager: it views package build
+processes as pure functions, and the graph of build products as an
+immutable, persistent data structure. The Guix System Distribution
+(GuixSD) uses the concepts of Guix to build a complete bootable
+GNU/Linux distribution instantiated from a pure operating system
+declaration. But Guix and GuixSD are also Scheme libraries that expose
+all their data structures and code, letting users fiddle with their
+distro and operating system configuration and services to their heart’s
+content.
+
+In this talk I will give an overview of Guix and GuixSD and their Guile
+Scheme interfaces and implementation: from the embedded domain-specific
+languages (EDSLs) they devise, to the compilation pipeline from package
+declarations to low-level “derivationsâ€, to the instantiation of
+GNU/Linux from high-level operating system declarations. Since Guix is
+designed by piling Scheme on top of Scheme, I will discuss staging and
+in particular “g-expressionsâ€, and compare it to related work. I will
+conclude on open design questions and future work.
+
+
+* functional package management
+
+** free software: "pragmatic", incremental
+
+** concept, paradigm
+
+ - package graph = persistent data structure
+ - "pointer discipline"
+
+** concrete advantages
+
+ - referential transparency
+ - transactions
+ - garbage collection
+ - controlled environments
+
+* Scheme integration
+
+** declarative objects (records, sort-of EDSL)
+
+ - define-record-type*
+ + default values
+ + let bindings
+ + thunked fields
+
+** compilation tower
+
+ - diagram with package/origin/derivation
+
+** two tiers: build and host
+
+ - diagram with build daemon and client code
+
+** service management, mcron, etc.
+
+ - diagram with PID 1, initrd, etc.
+ - again two tiers
+
+* staging
+
+** initial attempt: %build-inputs, labels, etc.
+
+** gexps
+
+ - how we came here
+ - usage
+ + with-imported-modules & source-module-closure
+ + compilers & expanders
+ - implementation
+
+** related work
+
+ - [[docview:~/doc/scheme/dybvig-syntax-case.pdf::3][syntax-case (Dybvig,
1992)]]
+ + focuses on hygiene
+ + syntax object can refer to pattern variables that are in its
+ lexical scope
+ - [[http://okmij.org/ftp/meta-programming/#meta-scheme][meta-scheme
(Kiselyov, 2008)]]
+ + 'bracket' (like quasiquote), and 'escape' (like unquote)
+ + alpha-renaming, unique identifiers
+ * but only handles bindings introduced by 'let' and 'lambda', not
+ the whole shebang
+ + handling of free identifiers and "cross-stage persistence" (CSP)
+ + does not mention free identifiers, modules in scope
+ - [[docview:~/doc/scheme/serrano-hop-multi-tier-semantics-2010.pdf::4][Hop
(multi-tier semantics, 2010)]]
+ + target language is JS, not Hop
+ + special-purpose forms ('define-service')
+ + client/server interaction ('with-hop')
+ + '~' and '$' are built in the compiler
+ - [[docview:~/doc/nix/nixos-icfp2008-submitted.pdf::5][Nix language (ICFP,
2008)]]
+ + string interpolation
+ + bash, etc.
+
+** a pattern: monadic procedure vs. declarative object
+
+ - gexp->file vs. plain-file, etc.
+
+** 'gexp->file'
+
+** shepherd, system tests
+
+* services and monads (?)
+
+** initial attempt
+
+ - flat list of monadic values
+
+** current design
+
+ - list of values, extension relationship
+
+* fears
+
+** scalability
+
+*** language as a database
+
+*** CPU time to evaluate all the package jobs
+
+*** efficient monads
+
+** staging
+
+*** modules? (should gexps embed the set of imported modules? visible modules?)
+
+ - with-imported-modules
+ - compare with Hop top-level ~(import ...) forms
+ + in Hop's case, no difference between imported and used
+ + Hop doesn't have first-class ~ expressions
+
+*** hygiene? (gexp composition, see Oleg's meta-scheme)
+
+ - currently no alpha conversion (renaming)
+
+*** record serialization?
+
+ - Hop can serialize/deserialize arbitrary objects
+ + problem: can forge records
+ + design issue: magic compiler built-in
+ + design issue: no protocol versioning
+ - [[file:~/src/guix/guix/profiles.scm::(define%20search-paths][example of
manual serialization/deserialization of search paths]]
+ - more generally:
[[http://okmij.org/ftp/meta-programming/#meta-scheme]['lift' operator in
MetaScheme]], for "cross-stage
+ persistence" (CSP)
+
+#+BEGIN_SRC scheme
+ (define search-paths
+ ;; Search paths of MANIFEST's packages, converted back to their
+ ;; record form.
+ (map sexp->search-path-specification
+ (delete-duplicates
+ '#$(map search-path-specification->sexp
+ (append-map manifest-entry-search-paths
+ (manifest-entries manifest))))))
+#+END_SRC
+
+*** debugging info?
+
+ - Hop
+ + maintains a mapping between generated JS code and the source (~)
+ + is able to show client/server backtraces intermingled
+
+*** relation between declarative (computed-file), monadic (gexp->file), and
direct style
+
+*** formalized relation between OS and service graph
+
+
+* random notes
+
+shell escapes:
+https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/commit/df475092e92b9dab9642c48f2216d49027a457a1
diff --git a/talks/scheme-2016/rules.ini b/talks/scheme-2016/rules.ini
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a74423
--- /dev/null
+++ b/talks/scheme-2016/rules.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+;; Rules for Rubber.
+
+[dot-pdf]
+target = (.*)\.pdf
+source = \1.dot
+rule = shell
+cost = 0
+command = dot -Tpdf -Gratio=.78 -o $target $source
+message = rendering $source into $target
diff --git a/talks/scheme-2016/talk.tex b/talks/scheme-2016/talk.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94be9d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/talks/scheme-2016/talk.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,880 @@
+% The comment below tells Rubber to compile the .dot files.
+%
+% rubber: module graphics
+% rubber: rules rules.ini
+
+\documentclass{beamer}
+
+\usetheme{default}
+
+\usefonttheme{structurebold}
+\usepackage{helvet}
+\usepackage{multimedia} % movie
+\usecolortheme{seagull} % white on black
+
+\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
+\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}\usepackage{hyperref,xspace,multicol}
+\usepackage[absolute,overlay]{textpos}
+\usepackage{tikz}
+\usetikzlibrary{arrows,shapes,trees,shadows,positioning}
+\usepackage{fancyvrb} % for \Verb
+
+% Remember the position of every picture.
+\tikzstyle{every picture}+=[remember picture]
+
+\tikzset{onslide/.code args={<#1>#2}{%
+ \only<#1>{\pgfkeysalso{#2}} % \pgfkeysalso doesn't change the path
+}}
+
+% Colors.
+\definecolor{guixred1}{RGB}{226,0,38} % red P
+\definecolor{guixorange1}{RGB}{243,154,38} % guixorange P
+\definecolor{guixyellow}{RGB}{254,205,27} % guixyellow P
+\definecolor{guixred2}{RGB}{230,68,57} % red S
+\definecolor{guixred3}{RGB}{115,34,27} % dark red
+\definecolor{guixorange2}{RGB}{236,117,40} % guixorange S
+\definecolor{guixtaupe}{RGB}{134,113,127} % guixtaupe S
+\definecolor{guixgrey}{RGB}{91,94,111} % guixgrey S
+\definecolor{guixdarkgrey}{RGB}{46,47,55} % guixdarkgrey S
+\definecolor{guixblue1}{RGB}{38,109,131} % guixblue S
+\definecolor{guixblue2}{RGB}{10,50,80} % guixblue S
+\definecolor{guixgreen1}{RGB}{133,146,66} % guixgreen S
+\definecolor{guixgreen2}{RGB}{157,193,7} % guixgreen S
+
+\setbeamerfont{title}{size=\huge}
+\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\huge}
+\setbeamerfont{normal text}{size=\Large}
+
+% White-on-black color theme.
+\setbeamercolor{structure}{fg=guixorange1,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{title}{fg=white,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{date}{fg=guixorange1,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{frametitle}{fg=white,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{titlelike}{fg=white,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{fg=white,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{alerted text}{fg=guixyellow,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{section in toc}{fg=white,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{section in toc shaded}{fg=white,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{subsection in toc}{fg=guixorange1,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{subsection in toc shaded}{fg=white,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{subsubsection in toc}{fg=guixorange1,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{subsubsection in toc shaded}{fg=white,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{frametitle in toc}{fg=white,bg=black}
+\setbeamercolor{local structure}{fg=guixorange1,bg=black}
+
+\newcommand{\highlight}[1]{\alert{\textbf{#1}}}
+
+\title{GNU~Guix:\\the functional\\GNU/Linux distro\\that's a Scheme library}
+
+\author{Ludovic Courtès}
+\date{\small{Scheme Workshop\\18 September 2016, Nara, Japan}}
+
+\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{} % remove the navigation bar
+
+\AtBeginSection[]{
+ \begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{}
+ \tableofcontents[currentsection]
+ \end{frame}
+}
+
+
+\newcommand{\screenshot}[1]{
+ \begin{frame}[plain]
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
+ \node [at=(current page.center), inner sep=0pt]
+ {\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{#1}};
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+ \end{frame}
+}
+
+
+%% \usepackage{pgfpages}
+%% \setbeameroption{second mode text on second screen}
+%% \setbeameroption{previous slide on second screen}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+%% \begin{frame}[typeset second]
+%% This text is shown on the left and on the right.
+%% \only<second>{This text is only shown on the right.}
+%% \only<second:0>{This text is only shown on the left.}
+%% \end{frame}
+
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{bg=white}
+\begin{frame}[plain]
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
+ \node [at=(current page.center), inner sep=0pt]
+
{\includegraphics[width=0.7\paperwidth]{images/GuixSD-horizontal-print}};
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+\end{frame}
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{fg=white,bg=black}
+
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{bg=guixblue2}
+\begin{frame}
+ \Huge{\textbf{Functional package management.}}
+\end{frame}
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{fg=white,bg=black}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+\$ guix package -i gcc-toolchain coreutils sed grep
+\textrm{...}
+
+\$ eval `guix package --search-paths`
+\textrm{...}
+
+\$ guix package --manifest=my-software.scm
+\textrm{...}
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[overlay]
+ \node[rounded corners=4, text centered, fill=guixorange1,
+ inner sep=4mm, opacity=.75, text opacity=1,] at (current page) {
+ \movie[autostart,
externalviewer]{\Large{$\blacktriangleright$}}{https://audio-video.gnu.org/video/misc/2016-07__GNU_Guix_Demo_2.webm}
+ };
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+\end{frame}
+
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{bg=guixdarkgrey,fg=guixred3}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \Huge{Want to hack on Guile?}
+\end{frame}
+
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{bg=white}
+\begin{frame}[plain]
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
+ \node [at=(current page.center), inner sep=0pt]
+ {\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{images/guile-graph}};
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+\end{frame}
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{fg=white,bg=black}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+\$ guix environment --container guile
+\textrm{...}
+
+\$ guix environment --container guile \\
+ --ad-hoc git autoconf automake gdb
+\textrm{...}
+
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{bg=guixdarkgrey,fg=guixred3}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \vspace{2cm}
+ \Large{
+ \textbf{Functional} package management paradigm:
+
+ \begin{enumerate}
+ \item build process = \highlight{pure function}
+ \item built software = \highlight{persistent graph}
+ \end{enumerate}
+ }
+
+ \vfill{}
+ \small{
+ \textit{Imposing a Memory Management Discipline on
+ Software Deployment}, Dolstra et al., 2004 (Nix package manager)
+ }
+\end{frame}
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{fg=white,bg=black}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+\$ guix build chibi-scheme
+\uncover<2->{/gnu/store/\tikz[baseline]{\node[anchor=base](nixhash){\alert<2>{h2g4sc09h4\textrm{...}}};}-chibi-scheme-0.7.3}
+
+\uncover<3->{\$ \alert<3>{guix gc --references
/gnu/store/\textrm{...}-chibi-scheme-0.7.3}
+/gnu/store/\textrm{...}-gcc-4.9.3-lib
+/gnu/store/\textrm{...}-glibc-2.23
+/gnu/store/\textrm{...}-chibi-scheme-0.7.3}
+
+\uncover<4->{\$ \alert<4>{guix gc}}
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+
+ \begin{textblock}{7}(4, 10)
+ \only<2>{\tikz{\node(labelnixhash)[fill=white, text=black]{hash of
+ \emph{all} the dependencies};}}
+ \end{textblock}
+
+ % Arrows
+ \only<2>{
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[overlay]
+ \path[->](labelnixhash.north) edge [bend left, in=180, out=-45]
(nixhash.south);
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{bg=guixblue2}
+\begin{frame}
+ \Huge{\textbf{Scheme integration.}}
+\end{frame}
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{fg=white,bg=black}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+ \small{
+(define hello
+ (\alert{package}
+ (name "hello")
+ (version "2.8")
+ (source (\alert{origin}
+ (method url-fetch)
+ (uri (string-append
+ "http://ftp.gnu.org/\textrm{...}/hello-"; version
+ ".tar.gz"))
+ (sha256 (base32 "0wqd\textrm{...}dz6"))))
+ (\alert{build-system} gnu-build-system)
+ (synopsis "An example GNU package")
+ (description "Produce a friendly greeting.")
+ (home-page "https://gnu.org/software/hello/";)
+ (license gpl3+)))
+}
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[plain, fragile]
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[hilevel/.style = {
+ rectangle, text width=25mm, text centered,
+ rounded corners=2mm, minimum height=15mm,
+ top color=guixorange1,
+ bottom color=guixyellow,
+ text=black
+ },
+ buildsys/.style = {
+ rectangle, text width=25mm, text centered,
+ rounded corners=2mm, minimum height=15mm,
+ very thick, dashed, fill=guixdarkgrey,
+ text=white, text opacity=1, draw=guixred2
+ },
+ drv/.style = {
+ rectangle, text width=25mm, text centered,
+ rounded corners=2mm, minimum height=15mm,
+ fill=white, text=black
+ }]
+ \matrix[row sep=15mm, column sep=1cm] {
+ \node(package)[hilevel] {\textbf{origin}}; &
+ \node(origin)[hilevel] {\textbf{package}}; &
+ &
+ \\
+
+ & \node(bag) [hilevel] {\textbf{bag}}; &
+ \node(buildsys) [buildsys] {\textbf{build system}}; &
+ \\
+
+ & \node(derivation) [drv] { \textbf{derivation} };
+ & &
+ \\
+ };
+
+ % bag/derivation are inverted! XXX
+ \path[->, very thick, draw=white, sloped] (origin) edge (bag);
+ \path[->, very thick, draw=white] (bag) edge (derivation);
+ \path[->, very thick, draw=white] (package) edge (derivation);
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{}
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[tools/.style = {
+ text width=35mm, minimum height=4cm,
+ text centered,
+ rounded corners=2mm,
+ fill=white, text=black
+ },
+ tool/.style = {
+ fill=white, text=black, text width=3cm,
+ text centered
+ },
+ daemon/.style = {
+ rectangle, text width=50mm, text centered,
+ rounded corners=2mm, minimum height=15mm,
+ top color=guixorange1,
+ bottom color=guixyellow,
+ text=black
+ },
+ builders/.style = {
+ draw=guixorange1, very thick, dashed,
+ fill=black, text=white, text width=5cm,
+ rounded corners=2mm,
+ },
+ builder/.style = {
+ draw=guixred2, thick, rectangle,
+ fill=black, text=white,
+ rotate=90
+ }]
+ \matrix[row sep=3mm, column sep=1cm] {
+ \node(builders)[builders, text height=5cm]{}
+ node[fill=black, text=white] at (0, 2) {\large{\textbf{build
processes}}}
+ node[fill=black, text=white] at (0, 1.5) {chroot, separate UIDs}
+ node[builder, onslide=<1-2>{black}] at (-1,-0.5) {\alert<3->{Guile},
make, etc.}
+ node[builder, onslide=<1-2>{black}] at ( 0,-0.5) {\alert<3->{Guile},
make, etc.}
+ node[builder, onslide=<1-2>{black}] at ( 1,-0.5) {\alert<3->{Guile},
make, etc.}; &
+ \node[tools]{}
+ node[fill=white, text=black] at (0, 1) {\large{\textbf{Guile
Scheme}}}
+ node[tool] at (0, 0) {\texttt{(guix packages)}}
+ node(client)[tool] at (0, -1) {\texttt{(guix store)}};
+ \\
+
+ \node(daemon)[daemon]{\large{\textbf{build daemon}}}; &
+ &
+ \\
+ };
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[overlay]
+ \path[very thick, draw=guixorange1]<2->
+ (client.south) edge [out=-90, in=0, ->] node[below, sloped]{RPCs}
(daemon.east);
+ \path[->, very thick, draw=guixorange1]<3->
+ (daemon) edge (builders);
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+\end{frame}
+
+%% TODO: Add LMI picture with ``Why stop here?''.
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+ \small{
+(\alert{operating-system}
+ (host-name "schememachine")
+ (timezone "Japan")
+ (locale "ja_JP.utf8")
+ (bootloader (grub-configuration (device "/dev/sda")))
+ (file-systems (cons (\alert{file-system}
+ (device "my-root")
+ (title 'label)
+ (mount-point "/")
+ (type "ext4"))
+ %base-file-systems))
+ (users (cons (\alert{user-account}
+ (name "alice")
+ (group "users")
+ (home-directory "/home/alice"))
+ %base-user-accounts))
+ (services (cons* (dhcp-client-service)
+ (lsh-service #:port-number 2222)
+ %base-services)))
+ }
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \begin{overlayarea}{\textwidth}{8cm}
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[kernel/.style = {
+ text width=10cm, minimum height=1.4cm,
+ text centered,
+ rounded corners=2mm,
+ fill=white, text=black
+ },
+ userland/.style = {
+ draw=guixorange1, very thick,
+ fill=white, text=black, text width=6cm,
+ rounded corners=2mm, minimum height=1.4cm,
+ text centered
+ }]
+ \matrix[row sep=6mm, column sep=1cm] {
+ \node(kernel)[kernel]{\textbf{\Large{Linux-libre}}};
+ \\
+
+ \node<2->(initrd)[userland]{\textbf{\Large{initial RAM disk}}};
+ \\
+
+ \node<4->(shepherd)[userland]{\textbf{\Large{PID 1: GNU Shepherd}}
+ \\ services...};
+ \\
+
+ \node<6->(user)[userland, dashed]{\textbf{\Large{applications}}};
+ \\
+ };
+
+ \path[->, very thick, draw=guixred1]<2->
+ (kernel) edge (initrd);
+ \path[->, very thick, draw=guixred1]<4->
+ (initrd) edge (shepherd);
+ \path[->, very thick, draw=guixred1]<6->
+ (shepherd) edge (user);
+
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+ \end{overlayarea}
+
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[overlay,
+ guile/.style = {
+ fill=guixyellow, text=black, rotate=30,
+ rounded corners=4mm, text width=3cm,
+ opacity=.75, text opacity=1, text centered,
+ minimum height=1.3cm
+ }]
+ \node<3->(labelinitrd) [guile] at (initrd.east) {%
+ \Large{Guile}
+ };
+ \node<5->(labelinitrd) [guile] at (shepherd.east) {%
+ \Large{Guile}
+ };
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+\end{frame}
+
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{bg=guixblue2}
+\begin{frame}
+ \Huge{\textbf{Code staging.}}
+\end{frame}
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{fg=white,bg=black}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{}
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[tools/.style = {
+ text width=35mm, minimum height=4cm,
+ text centered,
+ rounded corners=2mm,
+ fill=white, text=black
+ },
+ tool/.style = {
+ fill=white, text=black, text width=3cm,
+ text centered
+ },
+ daemon/.style = {
+ rectangle, text width=50mm, text centered,
+ rounded corners=2mm, minimum height=15mm,
+ top color=guixorange1,
+ bottom color=guixyellow,
+ text=black
+ },
+ builders/.style = {
+ draw=guixorange1, very thick, dashed,
+ fill=black, text=white, text width=5cm,
+ rounded corners=2mm,
+ },
+ builder/.style = {
+ draw=guixred2, thick, rectangle,
+ fill=black, text=white,
+ rotate=90
+ }]
+ \matrix[row sep=3mm, column sep=1cm] {
+ \node(builders)[builders, text height=5cm]{}
+ node[fill=black, text=white] at (0, 2) {\large{\textbf{build
processes}}}
+ node[fill=black, text=white] at (0, 1.5) {chroot, separate UIDs}
+ node[builder] at (-1,-0.5) {\alert{Guile}, make, etc.}
+ node[builder] at ( 0,-0.5) {\alert{Guile}, make, etc.}
+ node[builder] at ( 1,-0.5) {\alert{Guile}, make, etc.}; &
+ \node[tools]{}
+ node[fill=white, text=black] at (0, 1) {\large{\textbf{Guile
Scheme}}}
+ node[tool] at (0, 0) {\texttt{(guix packages)}}
+ node(client)[tool] at (0, -1) {\texttt{(guix store)}};
+ \\
+
+ \node(daemon)[daemon]{\large{\textbf{build daemon}}}; &
+ &
+ \\
+ };
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[overlay]
+ \path[very thick, draw=guixorange1]
+ (client.south) edge [out=-90, in=0, ->] node[below, sloped]{RPCs}
(daemon.east);
+ \path[->, very thick, draw=guixorange1]
+ (daemon) edge (builders);
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Staging: take \#1}
+ \vspace{-0.2cm}
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+(define \alert{build-exp}
+ ;; \textsl{Build-side code.}
+ '(symlink (assoc-ref \alert{%build-inputs} "coreutils")
+ \alert{%output}))
+
+;; \textsl{... with unhygienic global variable:}
+;; (define %build-inputs
+;; '(\only<1>{("coreutils" .
"/gnu/store/\textrm{...}-coreutils-8.25")}\only<2>{}))
+
+\uncover<1>{(define \alert{inputs}
+ ;; \textsl{What goes into the chroot.}
+ `(("coreutils" ,coreutils)))}
+
+(build-expression->derivation store
+ "symlink-to-coreutils"
+ \alert{build-exp}
+ \uncover<1>{#:inputs \alert{inputs}})
+\pause
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\screenshot{images/poor-staging-good-staging}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Take \#2: G-expressions}
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+(define \alert{build-exp}
+ ;; \textsl{First-class object that carries info}
+ ;; \textsl{about its dependencies.}
+ (\alert{gexp} (symlink (\alert{ungexp} coreutils)
+ (\alert{ungexp output}))))
+
+;; \textsl{Leads to a build script like:}
+;; (symlink "/gnu/store/123\textrm{...}-coreutils-8.25"
+;; (getenv "out"))
+
+(gexp->derivation "symlink-to-coreutils" \alert{build-exp})
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Take \#2: G-expressions}
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+(define \alert{build-exp}
+ ;; \textsl{First-class object that carries info}
+ ;; \textsl{about its dependencies.}
+ \alert{#~}(symlink \alert{#$}coreutils \alert{#$output}))
+
+;; \textsl{Leads to a build script like:}
+;; (symlink "/gnu/store/\only<1>{123}\only<2>{h8a}\textrm{...}-coreutils-8.25"
+;; (getenv "out"))
+
+(gexp->derivation "symlink-to-coreutils" \alert{build-exp}\only<1>{)}
+ \only<2>{\alert{#:system} "i686-linux")}
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Cross-Compilation}
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+(gexp->derivation "vi"
+ \alert{#~}(begin
+ (mkdir \alert{#$output})
+ (system* (string-append \alert{#+}coreutils "/bin/ln")
+ "-s"
+ (string-append \alert{#$}emacs "/bin/emacs")
+ (string-append \alert{#$}output "/bin/vi")))
+\only<2>{ \alert{#:target} "mips64el-linux-gnu"})
+
+;; \textsl{Yields:}
+;; (begin
+;; (mkdir (getenv "out"))
+;; (system* (string-append "/gnu/store/123\textrm{...}" "/bin/ln")
+;; "-s"
+;; (string-append
"/gnu/store/\only<1>{345}\only<2>{\alert{9ab}}\textrm{...}" \textrm{...})
+;; (string-append
"/gnu/store/\only<1>{567}\only<2>{\alert{fc2}}\textrm{...}" \textrm{...})))
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Modules}
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+(define \alert{build-exp}
+\uncover<2>{ ;; \textsl{Compile (guix build utils) and add it}
+ ;; \textsl{to the chroot.}
+ (\alert{with-imported-modules} '((guix build utils))}
+ \alert{#~}(begin
+ (\alert{use-modules} (guix build utils))
+ (mkdir-p (string-append \alert{#$output} "/bin"))\only<2>{)}
+
+(gexp->derivation "empty-bin-dir" build-exp)
+\only<1>{;; \textsl{ERROR: (guix build utils) not found!}}
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Modules \& Scripts}
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+(define \alert{script}
+ (\alert{with-imported-modules} (source-module-closure
+ '((guix build gremlin)))
+ \alert{#~}(begin
+ (\alert{use-modules} (guix build gremlin)
+ (ice-9 match))
+
+ (match (command-line)
+ ((command argument)
+ (validate-needed-in-runpath argument))))))
+
+(gexp->script "check-runpath" script)
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Modules \& Initial RAM Disk}
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+(expression->initrd
+ (\alert{with-imported-modules} (source-module-closure
+ '((gnu build linux-boot)
+ (guix build utils)))
+ \alert{#~}(begin
+ (\alert{use-modules} (gnu build linux-boot)
+ (guix build utils))
+
+ (boot-system #:mounts '#$file-systems
+ #:linux-modules '#$linux-modules
+ #:linux-module-directory '#$kodir)))
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Defining ``Compilers''}
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+ \small{
+(\alert{define-gexp-compiler} (package-compiler (package \alert{<package>})
+ system target)
+ ;; \textsl{Return a derivation to build PACKAGE.}
+ (if target
+ (package->cross-derivation package target system)
+ (package->derivation package system)))
+ }
+\pause
+(define-record-type \alert{<plain-file>}
+ (plain-file name content)
+ \textrm{...})
+
+(\alert{define-gexp-compiler} (plain-file-compiler (file \alert{<plain-file>})
+ system target)
+ ;; \textsl{"Compile" FILE by adding it to the store.}
+ (match file
+ (($ \alert{<plain-file>} name content)
+ (text-file name content))))
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Compilers \& ``Expanders''}
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+\alert{#~}(string-append \alert{#$}coreutils "/bin/ls")
+
+;; \textsl{Yields:}
+;; (string-append "/gnu/store/\textrm{...}" "/bin/ls")
+\pause
+(file-append coreutils "/bin/ls")
+
+;; \textsl{Yields:}
+;; "/gnu/store/\textrm{...}/bin/ls"
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Implementation}
+ \Large{
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \texttt{gexp} macro
+ \item \texttt{<gexp>} record type
+ \item \texttt{gexp->sexp} linear in the number of \texttt{ungexp}
+ \end{itemize}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Limitations}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \highlight{hygiene}, oh my!
+ \item \highlight{modules} in scope?
+ \item \highlight{serialization} of non-primitive data types?
+ \item cross-stage \highlight{debugging info} Ã la Hop?
+ \end{itemize}
+\end{frame}
+
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{bg=guixdarkgrey,fg=guixred3}
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \Huge{Related Work}
+\end{frame}
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{fg=white,bg=black}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{\texttt{syntax-case}}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item gexps similar in spirit to syntax objects
+ \item ... but staging with gexps is not referentially transparent
+ \end{itemize}
+
+ \vfill{}
+ \small{
+ \textit{Writing Hygienic Macros in Scheme with Syntax-Case}, R. Kent
+ Dybvig, 1992
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{MetaScheme}
+
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item referentially transparent (``hygienic'') staging
+ \item {... but PoC is simplistic
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item modules in scope?
+ \item how to determine which forms introduce bindings?
+ \end{itemize}}
+ \end{itemize}
+
+ \vfill{}
+ \small{
+ \textit{MetaScheme, or untyped MetaOCaml},
+ \url{http://okmij.org/ftp/meta-programming/}, O. Kiselyov, 2008
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Hop}
+
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+(define-service (shello6 x)
+ (<HTML>
+ (<BODY>
+ :onclick \alert{~}(with-hop (\alert{$}(service ()
+ (format "Bonjour ~a" x)))
+ (lambda (v) (alert v)))
+ "Hello!")))
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Hop}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item staged code is \highlight{JavaScript}, not Scheme
+ \item programmers can express \highlight{modules in scope} for staged
+ code
+ \item{ \texttt{\~} and \texttt{\$} implemented as compiler magic
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \texttt{\~} expressions are not first-class objects
+ \end{itemize}
+ }
+ \end{itemize}
+
+ \vfill{}
+ \small{
+ \textit{A Multi-Tier Semantics for Hop}, Serrano and Queinnec, 2010
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]
+ \frametitle{Nix language}
+
+ \small{
+ \begin{semiverbatim}
+\only<2->{\alert{let} dep =
}\tikz[baseline]{\node[anchor=base](funcall){\alert{derivation}};} \{
+ name = "foo";
+ system = "x86\_64-linux";
+ builder = "\alert{\$\{./static-bash\}}";
+ args = [ "-c" "echo hello >
"\tikz[baseline]{\node[anchor=base](outvar){$out};}" ];
+\tikz[baseline]{\node[anchor=base](args){\}};}\uncover<2->{;}\uncover<2->{ in
\alert{derivation} \{
+ name = "bar";
+ system = "x86\_64-linux";
+ builder = "\alert{\$\{./static-bash\}}";
+ args = [ "-c"
+ '' mkdir -p "$out"
+ ln -s
"\tikz[baseline]{\node[anchor=base](strinterp){\alert{$\{dep\}}};}/some-result"
"\$out/my-result"
+ '' ];
+ PATH = "\$\{coreutils\}/bin";
+\} }
+ \end{semiverbatim}
+ }
+
+ \only<2>{
+ \begin{textblock}{7}(5,14)
+ \tikz \node[fill=white, text=black](labelstrinterp){expands to
\texttt{/nix/store/\textrm{...}-foo}};
+ \end{textblock}
+
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[overlay]
+ \path[->](labelstrinterp) edge (strinterp);
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Nix language}
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item has \highlight{string interpolation}
+ \item strings retain info about their \highlight{dependencies}
+ \item built into the interpreter
+ \end{itemize}
+
+ \vfill{} \small{ \textit{NixOS: A Purely Functional Linux
+ Distribution}, Dolstra and Löh, 2008 }
+\end{frame}
+
+\screenshot{images/nix-shell-escapes}
+
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{bg=guixblue2}
+\begin{frame}
+ \Huge{\textbf{Wrap up.}}
+\end{frame}
+\setbeamercolor{normal text}{fg=white,bg=black}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Summary}
+ \Large{
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item Guix provides \highlight{functional OS deployment}
+ \item it's a \highlight{Scheme library and toolbox}
+ \item it's a \highlight{multi-tier Scheme system}
+ \end{itemize}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[fragile]{Lots of other niceties!}
+ \Large{
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \highlight{system service} architecture
+ \item ... and services written in Scheme (Shepherd, mcron)
+ \item \highlight{Emacs} integration
+ \item \highlight{whole-system test suite} (staging!)
+ \item \highlight{distributed deployment} with Guile-SSH (staging!)
+ \item ...
+ \end{itemize}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}[plain]
+ \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
+ \node [at=(current page.center), inner sep=0pt]
+ {\includegraphics[height=\paperheight]{images/lmi-machine}};
+ \end{tikzpicture}
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{Join us now, share the parens!}
+ \vspace{0.7cm}
+ \Large{
+ \begin{itemize}
+ \item \textbf{install the distribution}
+ \item \textbf{use it}, report bugs, add packages
+ \item share your \textbf{ideas}!
+ \end{itemize}
+ }
+\end{frame}
+
+%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
+\begin{frame}[plain]
+
+\vfill{
+ \vspace{2.5cm}
+ \center{\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{images/GuixSD}}\\[1.0cm]
+ address@hidden://gnu.org/software/guix/}}}
+}
+
+\end{frame}
+
+\begin{frame}{}
+
+ \begin{textblock}{12}(2, 8)
+ \tiny{
+ Copyright \copyright{} 2010, 2012--2016 Ludovic Courtès address@hidden
+ GNU GuixSD logo, CC-BY-SA 4.0, \url{http://gnu.org/s/guix/graphics}
+
+ Copyright of other images included in this document is held by
+ their respective owners.
+ \\[3.0mm]
+ This work is licensed under the \alert{Creative Commons
+ Attribution-Share Alike 3.0} License. To view a copy of this
+ license, visit
+ \url{http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/} or send a
+ letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San
+ Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
+ \\[2.0mm]
+ At your option, you may instead copy, distribute and/or modify
+ this document under the terms of the \alert{GNU Free Documentation
+ License, Version 1.3 or any later version} published by the Free
+ Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover
+ Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is
+ available at \url{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gfdl.html}.
+ \\[2.0mm]
+ % Give a link to the 'Transparent Copy', as per Section 3 of the GFDL.
+ The source of this document is available from
+ \url{http://git.sv.gnu.org/cgit/guix/maintenance.git}.
+ }
+ \end{textblock}
+\end{frame}
+
+\end{document}
+
+% Local Variables:
+% coding: utf-8
+% comment-start: "%"
+% comment-end: ""
+% ispell-local-dictionary: "american"
+% compile-command: "rubber --pdf talk.tex"
+% End: