Re: [Qemu-block] [Qemu-devel] [PATCH for-2.12 0/4] qmp dirty bitmap API

[Kevin Wolf]

Am 11.12.2017 um 19:40 hat John Snow geschrieben:
> 
> 
> On 12/11/2017 06:15 AM, Kevin Wolf wrote:
> > Am 09.12.2017 um 01:57 hat John Snow geschrieben:
> >> Here's an idea of what this API might look like without revealing
> >> explicit merge/split primitives.
> >>
> >> A new bitmap property that lets us set retention:
> >>
> >> :: block-dirty-bitmap-set-retention bitmap=foo slices=10
> >>
> >> Or something similar, where the default property for all bitmaps is
> >> zero -- the current behavior: no copies retained.
> >>
> >> By setting it to a non-zero positive integer, the incremental backup
> >> mode will automatically save a disabled copy when possible.
> > 
> > -EMAGIC
> > 
> > Operations that create or delete user-visible objects should be
> > explicit, not automatic. You're trying to implement management layer
> > functionality in qemu here, but incomplete enough that the artifacts of
> > it are still visible externally. (A complete solution within qemu
> > wouldn't expose low-level concepts such as bitmaps on an external
> > interface, but you would expose something like checkpoints.)
> > 
> > Usually it's not a good idea to have a design where qemu implements
> > enough to restrict management tools to whatever use case we had in mind,
> > but not enough to make the management tool's life substantially easier
> > (by not having to care about some low-level concepts).
> > 
> >> "What happens if we exceed our retention?"
> >>
> >> (A) We push the last one out automatically, or
> >> (B) We fail the operation immediately.
> >>
> >> A is more convenient, but potentially unsafe if the management tool or
> >> user wasn't aware that was going to happen.
> >> B is more annoying, but definitely more safe as it means we cannot lose
> >> a bitmap accidentally.
> > 
> > Both mean that the management layer has not only to deal with the
> > deletion of bitmaps as it wants to have them, but also to keep the
> > retention counter somewhere and predict what qemu is going to do to the
> > bitmaps and whether any corrective action needs to be taken.
> > 
> > This is making things more complex rather than simpler.
> > 
> >> I would argue for B with perhaps a force-cycle=true|false that defaults
> >> to false to let management tools say "Yes, go ahead, remove the old one"
> >> with additionally some return to let us know it happened:
> >>
> >> {"return": {
> >>   "dropped-slices": [ {"bitmap0": 0}, ...]
> >> }}
> >>
> >> This would introduce some concept of bitmap slices into the mix as ID'd
> >> children of a bitmap. I would propose that these slices are numbered and
> >> monotonically increasing. "bitmap0" as an object starts with no slices,
> >> but every incremental backup creates slice 0, slice 1, slice 2, and so
> >> on. Even after we start deleting some, they stay ordered. These numbers
> >> then stand in for points in time.
> >>
> >> The counter can (must?) be reset and all slices forgotten when
> >> performing a full backup while providing a bitmap argument.
> >>
> >> "How can a user make use of the slices once they're made?"
> >>
> >> Let's consider something like mode=partial in contrast to
> >> mode=incremental, and an example where we have 6 prior slices:
> >> 0,1,2,3,4,5, (and, unnamed, the 'active' slice.)
> >>
> >> mode=partial bitmap=foo slice=4
> >>
> >> This would create a backup from slice 4 to the current time α. This
> >> includes all clusters from 4, 5, and the active bitmap.
> >>
> >> I don't think it is meaningful to define any end point that isn't the
> >> current time, so I've omitted that as a possibility.
> > 
> > John, what are you doing here? This adds option after option, and even
> > additional slice object, only complicating an easy thing more and more.
> > I'm not sure if that was your intention, but I feel I'm starting to
> > understand better how Linus's rants come about.
> > 
> > Let me summarise what this means for management layer:
> > 
> > * The management layer has to manage bitmaps. They have direct control
> >   over creation and deletion of bitmaps. So far so good.
> > 
> > * It also has to manage slices in those bitmaps objects; and these
> >   slices are what contains the actual bitmaps. In order to identify a
> >   bitmap in qemu, you need:
> > 
> >     a) the node name
> >     b) the bitmap ID, and
> >     c) the slice number
> > 
> >   The slice number is assigned by qemu and libvirt has to wait until
> >   qemu tells it about the slice number of a newly created slice. If
> >   libvirt doesn't receive the reply to the command that started the
> >   block job, it needs to be able to query this information from qemu,
> >   e.g. in query-block-jobs.
> > 
> > * Slices are automatically created when you start a backup job with a
> >   bitmap. It doesn't matter whether you even intend to do an incremental
> >   backup against this point in time. qemu knows better.
> > 
> > * In order to delete a slice that you don't need any more, you have to
> >   create more slices (by doing more backups), but you don't get to
> >   decide which one is dropped. qemu helpfully just drops the oldest one.
> >   It doesn't matter if you want to keep an older one so you can do an
> >   incremental backup for a longer timespan. Don't worry about your
> >   backup strategy, qemu knows better.
> > 
> > * Of course, just creating a new backup job doesn't mean that removing
> >   the old slice works, even if you give the respective option. That's
> >   what the 'dropped-slices' return is for. So once again wait for
> >   whatever qemu did and reproduce it in the data structures of the
> >   management tool. It's also more information that needs to be exposed
> >   in query-block-jobs because libvirt might miss the return value.
> > 
> > * Hmm... What happens if you start n backup block jobs, with n > slices?
> >   Sounds like a great way to introduce subtle bugs in both qemu and the
> >   management layer.
> > 
> > Do you really think working with this API would be fun for libvirt?
> > 
> >> "Does a partial backup create a new point in time?"
> >>
> >> If yes: This means that the next incremental backup must necessarily be
> >> based off of the last partial backup that was made. This seems a little
> >> inconvenient. This would mean that point in time α becomes "slice 6."
> > 
> > Or based off any of the previous points in time, provided that qemu
> > didn't helpfully decide to delete it. Can't I still create a backup
> > starting from slice 4 then?
> > 
> > Also, a more general question about incremental backup: How does it play
> > with snapshots? Shouldn't we expect that people sometimes use both
> > snapshots and backups? Can we restrict the backup job to considering
> > bitmaps only from a single node or should we be able to reference
> > bitmaps of a backing file as well?
> > 
> >> If no: This means that we lose the point in time when we made the
> >> partial and we cannot chain off of the partial backup. It does mean that
> >> the next incremental backup will work as normally expected, however.
> >> This means that point in time α cannot again be referenced by the
> >> management client.
> >>
> >> This mirrors the dynamic between "incremental" and "differential" backups.
> >>
> >> ..hmmm..
> >>
> >> You know, incremental backups are just a special case of "partial" here
> >> where slice is the last recorded slice... Let's look at an API like this:
> >>
> >> mode=<incremental|differential> bitmap=<name> [slice=N]
> >>
> >> Incremental: We create a new slice if the bitmap has room for one.
> >> Differential: We don't create a new slice. The data in the active bitmap
> >> α does not get cleared after the bitmap operation.
> >>
> >> Slice:
> >> If not specified, assume we want only the active slice. This is the
> >> current behavior in QEMU 2.11.
> >> If specified, we create a temporary merge between bitmaps [N..α] and use
> >> that for the backup operation.
> >>
> >> "Can we delete slices?"
> >>
> >> Sure.
> >>
> >> :: block-dirty-bitmap-slice-delete bitmap=foo slice=4
> >>
> >> "Can we create a slice without making a bitmap?"
> >>
> >> It would be easy to do, but I'm not sure I see the utility. In using it,
> >> it means if you don't specify the slice manually for the next backup
> >> that you will necessarily be getting something not usable.
> >>
> >> but we COULD do it, it would just be banking the changes in the active
> >> bitmap into a new slice.
> > 
> > Okay, with explicit management this is getting a little more reasonable
> > now. However, I don't understand what slices buy us then compared to
> > just separate bitmaps.
> > 
> > Essentially, bitmaps form a second kind of backing chain. Backup always
> > wants to use the combined bitmaps of some subchain. I see two easy ways
> > to do this: Either pass an array of bitmaps to consider to the job, or
> > store the "backing link" in the bitmap so that we can just specify a
> > "base bitmap" like we usually do with normal backing files.
> > 
> > The backup block job can optionally append a new bitmap to the chain
> > like external snapshots do for backing chains. Deleting a bitmap in the
> > chain is the merge operation, similar to a commit block job for backing
> > chains.
> > 
> > We know these mechanism very well because the block layer has been using
> > them for ages.
> > 
> >>> I also have another idea:
> >>> implement new object: point-in-time or checkpoint. The should have
> >>> names, and the simple add/remove API.
> >>> And they will be backed by dirty bitmaps. so checkpoint deletion is
> >>> bitmap merge (and delete one of them),
> >>> checkpoint creation is disabling of active-checkpoint-bitmap and
> >>> starting new active-checkpoint-bitmap.
> >>
> >> Yes, exactly! I think that's pretty similar to what I am thinking of
> >> with slices.
> >>
> >> This sounds a little safer to me in that we can examine an operation to
> >> see if it's sane or not.
> > 
> > Exposing checkpoints is a reasonable high-level API. The important part
> > then is that you don't expose bitmaps + slices, but only checkpoints
> > without bitmaps. The bitmaps are an implementation detail.
> > 
> >>> Then we can implement merging of several bitmaps (from one of
> >>> checkpoints to current moment) in
> >>> NBD meta-context-query handling.
> >>>
> >> Note:
> >>
> >> I should say that I've had discussions with Stefan in the past over
> >> things like differential mode and the feeling I got from him was that he
> >> felt that data should be copied from QEMU precisely *once*, viewing any
> >> subsequent copying of the same data as redundant and wasteful.
> > 
> > That's a management layer decision. Apparently there are users who want
> > to copy from qemu multiple times, otherwise we wouldn't be talking about
> > slices and retention.
> > 
> > Kevin
> 
> Sorry.

*lol*

Though I do hope that my rant was at least somewhat constructive, if
only by making differently broken suggestions. ;-)

Kevin