Add C type rules, adapted from libvirt HACKING. Also include
a description of special QEMU scalar types.
Move typedef rule from CODING_STYLE rule 3 to HACKING rule 6
where it belongs.
Signed-off-by: Blue Swirl<address@hidden>
---
CODING_STYLE | 3 --
HACKING | 64 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
2 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
diff --git a/CODING_STYLE b/CODING_STYLE
index 92036f3..2c8268d 100644
--- a/CODING_STYLE
+++ b/CODING_STYLE
@@ -46,9 +46,6 @@ names are
lower_case_with_underscores_ending_with_a_t, like the POSIX
uint64_t and family. Note that this last convention contradicts POSIX
and is therefore likely to be changed.
-Typedefs are used to eliminate the redundant 'struct' keyword. It is the
-QEMU coding style.
-
When wrapping standard library functions, use the prefix qemu_ to alert
readers that they are seeing a wrapped version; otherwise avoid this prefix.
diff --git a/HACKING b/HACKING
index e60aa48..7c6b49e 100644
--- a/HACKING
+++ b/HACKING
@@ -4,3 +4,67 @@ For variadic macros, stick with C99 syntax:
#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
do { printf("IRQ: " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+
+2. C types
+
+It should be common sense to use the right type, but we have collected
+a few useful guidelines here.
+
+2.1. Scalars
+
+If you're using "int" or "long", odds are good that there's a better type.
+If a variable is counting something, it should be declared with an
+unsigned type.
+
+If it's host memory-size related, size_t should be a good choice (use
+ssize_t only if required). Guest RAM memory offsets must use ram_addr_t,
+but only for RAM, it may not cover whole guest address space.
+If it's file-size related, use off_t.
+If it's file-offset related (i.e., signed), use off_t.
+If it's just counting small numbers use "unsigned int";
+(on all but oddball embedded systems, you can assume that that
+type is at least four bytes wide).
+
+In the event that you require a specific width, use a standard type
+like int32_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, etc. The specific types are
+mandatory for VMState fields.
+
+Don't use Linux kernel internal types like u32, __u32 or __le32.
+
+Use target_phys_addr_t for hardware physical addresses except pcibus_t
+for PCI addresses. Use target_ulong (or abi_ulong) for CPU
+virtual addresses, however devices should not need to use target_ulong.
+
+While using "bool" is good for readability, it comes with minor caveats:
+ - Don't use "bool" in places where the type size must be constant across
+ all systems, like public interfaces and on-the-wire protocols.
+ - Don't compare a bool variable against the literal, "true",
+ since a value with a logical non-false value need not be "1".
+ I.e., don't write "if (seen == true) ...". Rather, write "if (seen)...".
+
+Of course, take all of the above with a grain of salt. If you're about
+to use some system interface that requires a type like size_t, pid_t or
+off_t, use matching types for any corresponding variables.
+
+Also, if you try to use e.g., "unsigned int" as a type, and that
+conflicts with the signedness of a related variable, sometimes
+it's best just to use the *wrong* type, if "pulling the thread"
+and fixing all related variables would be too invasive.
+
+Finally, while using descriptive types is important, be careful not to
+go overboard. If whatever you're doing causes warnings, or requires
+casts, then reconsider or ask for help.
+
+2.2. Pointers
+
+Ensure that all of your pointers are "const-correct".
+Unless a pointer is used to modify the pointed-to storage,
+give it the "const" attribute. That way, the reader knows
+up-front that this is a read-only pointer. Perhaps more
+importantly, if we're diligent about this, when you see a non-const
+pointer, you're guaranteed that it is used to modify the storage
+it points to, or it is aliased to another pointer that is.
+
+2.3. Typedefs
+Typedefs are used to eliminate the redundant 'struct' keyword.