[Qemu-devel] [PATCH 1/3] block: add basic backup support to block driver

[Stefan Hajnoczi]

From: Dietmar Maurer <address@hidden>

backup_start() creates a block job that copies a point-in-time snapshot
of a block device to a target block device.

We call backup_do_cow() for each write during backup. That function
reads the original data from the block device before it gets
overwritten.  The data is then written to the target device.

The tracked_request infrastructure is used to serialize access.  Both
reads and writes are serialized if they overlap.

Currently backup cluster size is hardcoded to 65536 bytes.

[I made a number of changes to Dietmar's original patch and folded them
in to make code review easy.  Here is the full list:

 * Drop BackupDumpFunc interface in favor of a target block device
 * Detect zero clusters with buffer_is_zero()
 * Don't write zero clusters to the target
 * Use 0 delay instead of 1us, like other block jobs
 * Unify creation/start functions into backup_start()
 * Simplify cleanup, free bitmap in backup_run() instead of cb function
 * Use HBitmap to avoid duplicating bitmap code
 * Use bdrv_getlength() instead of accessing ->total_sectors directly
 * Delete the backup.h header file, it is no longer necessary
 * Move ./backup.c to block/backup.c
 * Remove #ifdefed out code
 * Coding style and whitespace cleanups

-- stefanha]

Signed-off-by: Dietmar Maurer <address@hidden>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <address@hidden>
---
 block.c                   |  69 ++++++++++++-
 block/Makefile.objs       |   1 +
 block/backup.c            | 252 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/block/block.h     |   2 +
 include/block/block_int.h |  16 +++
 include/block/blockjob.h  |  10 ++
 6 files changed, 345 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 block/backup.c

diff --git a/block.c b/block.c
index aa9a533..c5c09b7 100644
--- a/block.c
+++ b/block.c
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 typedef enum {
     BDRV_REQ_COPY_ON_READ = 0x1,
     BDRV_REQ_ZERO_WRITE   = 0x2,
+    BDRV_REQ_BACKUP_ONLY  = 0x4,
 } BdrvRequestFlags;
 
 static void bdrv_dev_change_media_cb(BlockDriverState *bs, bool load);
@@ -1902,6 +1903,22 @@ void bdrv_round_to_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs,
     }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Round a region to job cluster boundaries
+ */
+static void round_to_job_clusters(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                  int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors,
+                                  int job_cluster_size,
+                                  int64_t *cluster_sector_num,
+                                  int *cluster_nb_sectors)
+{
+    int64_t c = job_cluster_size / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE;
+
+    *cluster_sector_num = QEMU_ALIGN_DOWN(sector_num, c);
+    *cluster_nb_sectors = QEMU_ALIGN_UP(sector_num - *cluster_sector_num +
+                                        nb_sectors, c);
+}
+
 static bool tracked_request_overlaps(BdrvTrackedRequest *req,
                                      int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors) {
     /*        aaaa   bbbb */
@@ -1916,7 +1933,9 @@ static bool tracked_request_overlaps(BdrvTrackedRequest 
*req,
 }
 
 static void coroutine_fn wait_for_overlapping_requests(BlockDriverState *bs,
-        int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors)
+                                                       int64_t sector_num,
+                                                       int nb_sectors,
+                                                       int job_cluster_size)
 {
     BdrvTrackedRequest *req;
     int64_t cluster_sector_num;
@@ -1932,6 +1951,11 @@ static void coroutine_fn 
wait_for_overlapping_requests(BlockDriverState *bs,
     bdrv_round_to_clusters(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors,
                            &cluster_sector_num, &cluster_nb_sectors);
 
+    if (job_cluster_size) {
+        round_to_job_clusters(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, job_cluster_size,
+                              &cluster_sector_num, &cluster_nb_sectors);
+    }
+
     do {
         retry = false;
         QLIST_FOREACH(req, &bs->tracked_requests, list) {
@@ -2507,12 +2531,24 @@ static int coroutine_fn 
bdrv_co_do_readv(BlockDriverState *bs,
         bs->copy_on_read_in_flight++;
     }
 
-    if (bs->copy_on_read_in_flight) {
-        wait_for_overlapping_requests(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors);
+    int job_cluster_size = bs->job && bs->job->cluster_size ?
+        bs->job->cluster_size : 0;
+
+    if (bs->copy_on_read_in_flight || job_cluster_size) {
+        wait_for_overlapping_requests(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors,
+                                      job_cluster_size);
     }
 
     tracked_request_begin(&req, bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, false);
 
+    if (bs->job && bs->job->job_type->before_read) {
+        ret = bs->job->job_type->before_read(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, qiov);
+        if ((ret < 0) || (flags & BDRV_REQ_BACKUP_ONLY)) {
+            /* Note: We do not return any data to the caller */
+            goto out;
+        }
+    }
+
     if (flags & BDRV_REQ_COPY_ON_READ) {
         int pnum;
 
@@ -2556,6 +2592,17 @@ int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_copy_on_readv(BlockDriverState 
*bs,
                             BDRV_REQ_COPY_ON_READ);
 }
 
+int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_backup(BlockDriverState *bs,
+    int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors)
+{
+    if (!bs->job) {
+        return -ENOTSUP;
+    }
+
+    return bdrv_co_do_readv(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, NULL,
+                            BDRV_REQ_BACKUP_ONLY);
+}
+
 static int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_do_write_zeroes(BlockDriverState *bs,
     int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors)
 {
@@ -2613,12 +2660,23 @@ static int coroutine_fn 
bdrv_co_do_writev(BlockDriverState *bs,
         bdrv_io_limits_intercept(bs, true, nb_sectors);
     }
 
-    if (bs->copy_on_read_in_flight) {
-        wait_for_overlapping_requests(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors);
+    int job_cluster_size = bs->job && bs->job->cluster_size ?
+        bs->job->cluster_size : 0;
+
+    if (bs->copy_on_read_in_flight || job_cluster_size) {
+        wait_for_overlapping_requests(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors,
+                                      job_cluster_size);
     }
 
     tracked_request_begin(&req, bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, true);
 
+    if (bs->job && bs->job->job_type->before_write) {
+        ret = bs->job->job_type->before_write(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors, 
qiov);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            goto out;
+        }
+    }
+
     if (flags & BDRV_REQ_ZERO_WRITE) {
         ret = bdrv_co_do_write_zeroes(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors);
     } else {
@@ -2637,6 +2695,7 @@ static int coroutine_fn 
bdrv_co_do_writev(BlockDriverState *bs,
         bs->wr_highest_sector = sector_num + nb_sectors - 1;
     }
 
+out:
     tracked_request_end(&req);
 
     return ret;
diff --git a/block/Makefile.objs b/block/Makefile.objs
index 6c4b5bc..dcab6d3 100644
--- a/block/Makefile.objs
+++ b/block/Makefile.objs
@@ -19,5 +19,6 @@ endif
 common-obj-y += stream.o
 common-obj-y += commit.o
 common-obj-y += mirror.o
+common-obj-y += backup.o
 
 $(obj)/curl.o: QEMU_CFLAGS+=$(CURL_CFLAGS)
diff --git a/block/backup.c b/block/backup.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45d8c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/block/backup.c
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+/*
+ * QEMU backup
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Proxmox Server Solutions
+ *
+ * Authors:
+ *  Dietmar Maurer (address@hidden)
+ *
+ * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU GPL, version 2 or later.
+ * See the COPYING file in the top-level directory.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "block/block.h"
+#include "block/block_int.h"
+#include "block/blockjob.h"
+#include "qemu/ratelimit.h"
+
+#define DEBUG_BACKUP 0
+
+#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
+    do { \
+        if (DEBUG_BACKUP) { \
+            fprintf(stderr, "backup: " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define BACKUP_CLUSTER_BITS 16
+#define BACKUP_CLUSTER_SIZE (1 << BACKUP_CLUSTER_BITS)
+#define BACKUP_BLOCKS_PER_CLUSTER (BACKUP_CLUSTER_SIZE / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE)
+
+#define SLICE_TIME 100000000ULL /* ns */
+
+typedef struct BackupBlockJob {
+    BlockJob common;
+    BlockDriverState *target;
+    RateLimit limit;
+    CoRwlock rwlock;
+    uint64_t sectors_read;
+    HBitmap *bitmap;
+} BackupBlockJob;
+
+static int coroutine_fn backup_do_cow(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                      int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors)
+{
+    assert(bs);
+    BackupBlockJob *job = (BackupBlockJob *)bs->job;
+    assert(job);
+
+    BlockDriver *drv = bs->drv;
+    struct iovec iov;
+    QEMUIOVector bounce_qiov;
+    void *bounce_buffer = NULL;
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    qemu_co_rwlock_rdlock(&job->rwlock);
+
+    int64_t start, end;
+
+    start = sector_num / BACKUP_BLOCKS_PER_CLUSTER;
+    end = DIV_ROUND_UP(sector_num + nb_sectors, BACKUP_BLOCKS_PER_CLUSTER);
+
+    DPRINTF("brdv_co_backup_cow enter %s C%" PRId64 " %" PRId64 " %d\n",
+            bdrv_get_device_name(bs), start, sector_num, nb_sectors);
+
+    for (; start < end; start++) {
+        if (hbitmap_get(job->bitmap, start)) {
+            DPRINTF("brdv_co_backup_cow skip C%" PRId64 "\n", start);
+            continue; /* already copied */
+        }
+
+        /* immediately set bitmap (avoid coroutine race) */
+        hbitmap_set(job->bitmap, start, 1);
+
+        DPRINTF("brdv_co_backup_cow C%" PRId64 "\n", start);
+
+        if (!bounce_buffer) {
+            iov.iov_len = BACKUP_CLUSTER_SIZE;
+            iov.iov_base = bounce_buffer = qemu_blockalign(bs, iov.iov_len);
+            qemu_iovec_init_external(&bounce_qiov, &iov, 1);
+        }
+
+        ret = drv->bdrv_co_readv(bs, start * BACKUP_BLOCKS_PER_CLUSTER,
+                                 BACKUP_BLOCKS_PER_CLUSTER,
+                                 &bounce_qiov);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            DPRINTF("brdv_co_backup_cow bdrv_read C%" PRId64 " failed\n",
+                    start);
+            goto out;
+        }
+
+        job->sectors_read += BACKUP_BLOCKS_PER_CLUSTER;
+
+        if (!buffer_is_zero(bounce_buffer, BACKUP_CLUSTER_SIZE)) {
+            ret = bdrv_co_writev(job->target, start * 
BACKUP_BLOCKS_PER_CLUSTER,
+                                 BACKUP_BLOCKS_PER_CLUSTER,
+                                 &bounce_qiov);
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                DPRINTF("brdv_co_backup_cow dump_cluster_cb C%" PRId64
+                        " failed\n", start);
+                goto out;
+            }
+        }
+
+        DPRINTF("brdv_co_backup_cow done C%" PRId64 "\n", start);
+    }
+
+out:
+    if (bounce_buffer) {
+        qemu_vfree(bounce_buffer);
+    }
+
+    qemu_co_rwlock_unlock(&job->rwlock);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int coroutine_fn backup_before_read(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                           int64_t sector_num,
+                                           int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
+{
+    return backup_do_cow(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors);
+}
+
+static int coroutine_fn backup_before_write(BlockDriverState *bs,
+                                            int64_t sector_num,
+                                            int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov)
+{
+    return backup_do_cow(bs, sector_num, nb_sectors);
+}
+
+static void backup_set_speed(BlockJob *job, int64_t speed, Error **errp)
+{
+    BackupBlockJob *s = container_of(job, BackupBlockJob, common);
+
+    if (speed < 0) {
+        error_set(errp, QERR_INVALID_PARAMETER, "speed");
+        return;
+    }
+    ratelimit_set_speed(&s->limit, speed / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE, SLICE_TIME);
+}
+
+static BlockJobType backup_job_type = {
+    .instance_size = sizeof(BackupBlockJob),
+    .before_read = backup_before_read,
+    .before_write = backup_before_write,
+    .job_type = "backup",
+    .set_speed = backup_set_speed,
+};
+
+static void coroutine_fn backup_run(void *opaque)
+{
+    BackupBlockJob *job = opaque;
+    BlockDriverState *bs = job->common.bs;
+    assert(bs);
+
+    int64_t start, end;
+
+    start = 0;
+    end = DIV_ROUND_UP(bdrv_getlength(bs) / BDRV_SECTOR_SIZE,
+                       BACKUP_BLOCKS_PER_CLUSTER);
+
+    job->bitmap = hbitmap_alloc(end, 0);
+
+    DPRINTF("backup_run start %s %" PRId64 " %" PRId64 "\n",
+            bdrv_get_device_name(bs), start, end);
+
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    for (; start < end; start++) {
+        if (block_job_is_cancelled(&job->common)) {
+            ret = -1;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* we need to yield so that qemu_aio_flush() returns.
+         * (without, VM does not reboot)
+         */
+        if (job->common.speed) {
+            uint64_t delay_ns = ratelimit_calculate_delay(
+                &job->limit, job->sectors_read);
+            job->sectors_read = 0;
+            block_job_sleep_ns(&job->common, rt_clock, delay_ns);
+        } else {
+            block_job_sleep_ns(&job->common, rt_clock, 0);
+        }
+
+        if (block_job_is_cancelled(&job->common)) {
+            ret = -1;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (hbitmap_get(job->bitmap, start)) {
+            continue; /* already copied */
+        }
+
+        DPRINTF("backup_run loop C%" PRId64 "\n", start);
+
+        /**
+         * This triggers a cluster copy
+         * Note: avoid direct call to brdv_co_backup_cow, because
+         * this does not call tracked_request_begin()
+         */
+        ret = bdrv_co_backup(bs, start*BACKUP_BLOCKS_PER_CLUSTER, 1);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        /* Publish progress */
+        job->common.offset += BACKUP_CLUSTER_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    /* wait until pending backup_do_cow()calls have completed */
+    qemu_co_rwlock_wrlock(&job->rwlock);
+    qemu_co_rwlock_unlock(&job->rwlock);
+
+    hbitmap_free(job->bitmap);
+
+    bdrv_delete(job->target);
+
+    DPRINTF("backup_run complete %d\n", ret);
+    block_job_completed(&job->common, ret);
+}
+
+void backup_start(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverState *target,
+                  int64_t speed,
+                  BlockDriverCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque,
+                  Error **errp)
+{
+    assert(bs);
+    assert(target);
+    assert(cb);
+
+    DPRINTF("backup_start %s\n", bdrv_get_device_name(bs));
+
+    BackupBlockJob *job = block_job_create(&backup_job_type, bs, speed,
+                                           cb, opaque, errp);
+    if (!job) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    qemu_co_rwlock_init(&job->rwlock);
+
+    job->target = target;
+    job->common.cluster_size = BACKUP_CLUSTER_SIZE;
+    job->common.len = bdrv_getlength(bs);
+    job->common.co = qemu_coroutine_create(backup_run);
+    qemu_coroutine_enter(job->common.co, job);
+}
diff --git a/include/block/block.h b/include/block/block.h
index 1251c5c..19a41f4 100644
--- a/include/block/block.h
+++ b/include/block/block.h
@@ -178,6 +178,8 @@ int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_readv(BlockDriverState *bs, 
int64_t sector_num,
     int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov);
 int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_copy_on_readv(BlockDriverState *bs,
     int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov);
+int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_backup(BlockDriverState *bs,
+    int64_t sector_num, int nb_sectors);
 int coroutine_fn bdrv_co_writev(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
     int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov);
 /*
diff --git a/include/block/block_int.h b/include/block/block_int.h
index 6078dd3..bd51abf 100644
--- a/include/block/block_int.h
+++ b/include/block/block_int.h
@@ -377,4 +377,20 @@ void mirror_start(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverState 
*target,
                   BlockDriverCompletionFunc *cb,
                   void *opaque, Error **errp);
 
+/*
+ * backup_start:
+ * @bs: Block device to operate on.
+ * @target: Block device to write to.
+ * @speed: The maximum speed, in bytes per second, or 0 for unlimited.
+ * @cb: Completion function for the job.
+ * @opaque: Opaque pointer value passed to @cb.
+ *
+ * Start a backup operation on @bs.  Clusters in @bs are written to @target
+ * until the job is cancelled or manually completed.
+ */
+void backup_start(BlockDriverState *bs, BlockDriverState *target,
+                  int64_t speed,
+                  BlockDriverCompletionFunc *cb, void *opaque,
+                  Error **errp);
+
 #endif /* BLOCK_INT_H */
diff --git a/include/block/blockjob.h b/include/block/blockjob.h
index c290d07..6f42495 100644
--- a/include/block/blockjob.h
+++ b/include/block/blockjob.h
@@ -50,6 +50,13 @@ typedef struct BlockJobType {
      * manually.
      */
     void (*complete)(BlockJob *job, Error **errp);
+
+    /** tracked requests */
+    int coroutine_fn (*before_read)(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
+                                    int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov);
+    int coroutine_fn (*before_write)(BlockDriverState *bs, int64_t sector_num,
+                                     int nb_sectors, QEMUIOVector *qiov);
+
 } BlockJobType;
 
 /**
@@ -103,6 +110,9 @@ struct BlockJob {
     /** Speed that was set with @block_job_set_speed.  */
     int64_t speed;
 
+    /** tracked requests */
+    int cluster_size;
+
     /** The completion function that will be called when the job completes.  */
     BlockDriverCompletionFunc *cb;
 
-- 
1.8.1.4