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trans-coord/gnun/gnu initial-announcement.bg.ht...
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
Subject: |
trans-coord/gnun/gnu initial-announcement.bg.ht... |
Date: |
Tue, 17 Nov 2009 19:25:14 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /sources/trans-coord
Module name: trans-coord
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 09/11/17 19:25:14
Modified files:
gnun/gnu : initial-announcement.bg.html
why-gnu-linux.bg.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/gnu/initial-announcement.bg.html?cvsroot=trans-coord&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/trans-coord/gnun/gnu/why-gnu-linux.bg.html?cvsroot=trans-coord&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
Patches:
Index: initial-announcement.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/sources/trans-coord/trans-coord/gnun/gnu/initial-announcement.bg.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- initial-announcement.bg.html 9 Oct 2009 18:25:13 -0000 1.11
+++ initial-announcement.bg.html 17 Nov 2009 19:25:14 -0000 1.12
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.bg.html" -->
<h2>ÐÑÑвонаÑално обÑвление</h2>
-<p> Това е оÑигиналноÑо обÑвление на
пÑоекÑа GNU, напиÑано Ð¾Ñ <a
-href="http://www.stallman.org/">РиÑаÑд СÑолман</a> на 27
ÑепÑемвÑи 1983 г.</p>
+<p> This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by <a
+href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a> on September 27th
1983.</p>
<p> ÐÑÑоÑиÑÑа на пÑоекÑа GNU Ñе ÑазлиÑава
доÑÑа Ð¾Ñ Ñози пÑÑвонаÑален план.
ÐапÑимеÑ, наÑалоÑо бе оÑложено до ÑнÑаÑи
1984 г., и нÑкои Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑобноÑÑиÑе
@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
ÐоÑледно обновÑване:
-$Date: 2009/10/09 18:25:13 $
+$Date: 2009/11/17 19:25:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: why-gnu-linux.bg.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /sources/trans-coord/trans-coord/gnun/gnu/why-gnu-linux.bg.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- why-gnu-linux.bg.html 26 Sep 2009 18:25:12 -0000 1.11
+++ why-gnu-linux.bg.html 17 Nov 2009 19:25:14 -0000 1.12
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<title>ÐаÑо GNU/ÐинÑкÑ? - ÐÑоекÑÑÑ GNU - ФондаÑиÑ
за Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ (ФСС)</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.bg.html" -->
-<h2>Ðакво има в имеÑо?</h2>
+<h2>What's in a Name?</h2>
<p><strong>Ð¾Ñ <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">РиÑаÑд
СÑолман</a></strong></p>
@@ -20,21 +20,21 @@
<p>
Names convey meanings; our choice of names determines the meaning of what we
-say. An inappropriate name gives people the wrong idea. A rose by any name
-would smell as sweet—but if you call it a pen, people will be rather
-disappointed when they try to write with it. And if you call pens
+say. An inappropriate name gives people the wrong idea. A rose by any
+other name would smell as sweet—but if you call it a pen, people will
+be rather disappointed when they try to write with it. And if you call pens
“roses”, people may not realize what they are good for. If you
call our operating system Linux, that conveys a mistaken idea of the
system's origin, history, and purpose. If you call it <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, that conveys (though not in
detail) an accurate idea.</p>
<p>
-Ðо има ли Ñова знаÑение за наÑаÑа обÑноÑÑ?
Ðажно ли е дали Ñ
оÑаÑа знаÑÑ Ð·Ð°
-пÑоизÑ
ода, иÑÑоÑиÑÑа и ÑелÑа на ÑиÑÑемаÑа?
Ðа â заÑоÑо Ñ
оÑаÑа, коиÑо
-забÑавÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑоÑиÑÑа, Ñа обÑеÑени да Ñ
повÑоÑÑÑ. СвободниÑÑ ÑвÑÑ, койÑо Ñе
-изгÑади около <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.bg.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a> не е
-ÑигÑÑен; пÑоблемиÑе, коиÑо ни подÑикнаÑ
а
да ÑазÑабоÑим GNU, не Ñа напÑлно
-изкоÑенени и заплаÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñе вÑÑнаÑ
обÑаÑно.</p>
+Does this really matter for our community? Is it important whether people
+know the system's origin, history, and purpose? Yes—because people who
+forget history are often condemned to repeat it. The Free World that has
+developed around <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> is not
+guaranteed to survive; the problems that led us to develop GNU are not
+completely eradicated, and they threaten to come back.</p>
<p>
When I explain why it's appropriate to call the operating system GNU/Linux
@@ -61,100 +61,95 @@
good work has been done in the name of Linux also. But the term
“Linux” has been associated ever since it was first coined with
a philosophy that does not make a commitment to the freedom to cooperate.
-As the name becomes used increasingly by business, we will have even more
-trouble making it connect with community spirit.</p>
+As the name is increasingly used by business, we will have even more trouble
+making it connect with community spirit.</p>
<p>
-ÐолÑмо пÑедизвикаÑелÑÑво за бÑдеÑеÑо на
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ð´Ð²Ð° оÑ
-ÑенденÑиÑÑа на компании, ÑазпÑоÑÑÑанÑваÑи
диÑÑÑибÑÑии на âÐинÑкÑâ, да
-добавÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ ÐºÑм <a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.bg.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a> в имеÑо на
ÑдобÑÑвоÑо и
-пÑоизводиÑелноÑÑÑа. ÐÑиÑки ÑазÑабоÑÑиÑи
на големи комеÑÑиални диÑÑÑибÑÑии
-пÑавÑÑ Ñова; никой не издава диÑÑÑибÑÑиÑ,
коÑÑо да е напÑлно Ñвободна.
-ÐовеÑеÑо Ð¾Ñ ÑÑÑ
не обознаÑÐ°Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑÑно
неÑвободниÑе пакеÑи в ÑеÑ
ниÑе
-диÑÑÑибÑÑии. Ðного доÑи ÑазÑабоÑваÑ
неÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð¸ го добавÑÑ ÐºÑм
-ÑиÑÑемаÑа. ÐÑкои вÑзмÑÑиÑелно ÑекламиÑаÑ
âÐинÑкÑâ ÑиÑÑеми, лиÑензиÑани âза
-инÑÑалаÑиÑâ, коиÑо пÑедоÑÑавÑÑ Ð½Ð°
поÑÑебиÑелиÑе Ñолкова Ñвобода, колкоÑо и
-âÐайкÑоÑоÑÑ Ð£Ð¸Ð½Ð´Ð¾ÑÑâ.</p>
-
-<p>
-ХоÑаÑа опÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°Ð²ÑнеÑо на
неÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð² имеÑо на
âпопÑлÑÑноÑÑÑа
-на ÐинÑкÑâ â на пÑакÑика, Ñенейки
попÑлÑÑноÑÑÑа повеÑе Ð¾Ñ ÑвободаÑа.
-ÐонÑкога Ñова Ñе пÑизнава оÑкÑиÑо.
ÐапÑимеÑ, Ñп. âУайÑÑдâ казва, Ñе РобÑÑÑ
-Ðакмилан, ÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñп. âÐинÑкÑâ,
âÑÑвÑÑва, Ñе пÑеÑ
одÑÑ ÐºÑм ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ñ
-оÑвоÑен код ÑÑÑбва да е подÑ
Ñанван Ð¾Ñ ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑки, а не полиÑиÑеÑки
-ÑеÑениÑâ. РизпÑлниÑелниÑÑ Ð´Ð¸ÑекÑÐ¾Ñ Ð½Ð°
âÐалдеÑаâ оÑкÑиÑо пÑизова
-поÑÑебиÑелиÑе да изоÑÑавÑÑ ÑÑемежа кÑм
Ñвобода и да ÑабоÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°
-âпопÑлÑÑноÑÑÑа на ÐинÑкÑâ.</p>
+A great challenge to the future of free software comes from the tendency of
+the “Linux” distribution companies to add nonfree software to <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> in the name of convenience and
+power. All the major commercial distribution developers do this; none
+limits itself to free software. Most of them do not clearly identify the
+nonfree packages in their distributions. Many even develop nonfree software
+and add it to the system. Some outrageously advertise “Linux”
+systems that are “licensed per seat”, which give the user as
+much freedom as Microsoft Windows.</p>
+
+<p>
+People try to justify adding nonfree software in the name of the
+“popularity of Linux”—in effect, valuing popularity above
+freedom. Sometimes this is openly admitted. For instance, Wired Magazine
+said that Robert McMillan, editor of Linux Magazine, “feels that the
+move toward open source software should be fueled by technical, rather than
+political, decisions.” And Caldera's <acronym title="Chief Executive
+Officer">CEO</acronym> openly urged users to drop the goal of freedom and
+work instead for the “popularity of Linux”.</p>
<!--Link is dead
<a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html">
(http://www.zdnet.com/filters/printerfriendly/0,6061,2552025-2,00.html.)</a>
-->
<p>
-ÐобавÑнеÑо на неÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ ÐºÑм
ÑиÑÑемаÑа <a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.bg.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a> може и да
ÑвелиÑава
-попÑлÑÑноÑÑÑа, ако под âпопÑлÑÑноÑÑâ
имаме пÑедвид бÑÐ¾Ñ Ð½Ð° Ñ
оÑаÑа, коиÑо
-Ð¸Ð·Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.bg.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a>
в комбинаÑÐ¸Ñ Ñ
-неÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ. Ðо в ÑÑÑоÑо вÑеме,
Ñова безÑÑловно окÑÑажава обÑноÑÑÑа
-да пÑиеме неÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°Ñо неÑо Ñ
Ñбаво, и да забÑави ÑÑÑемежа кÑм
-Ñвобода. Ðезполезно е да каÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-бÑÑзо,
ако не Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð´Ð° Ñе задÑÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
-пÑÑÑ.</p>
-
-<p>
-ÐогаÑо неÑвободнаÑа âдобавкаâ е
библиоÑека или инÑÑÑÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð° пÑогÑамиÑане,
-ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ да Ñе пÑевÑÑне в капан за
ÑазÑабоÑÑиÑиÑе на Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ.
-ÐогаÑо Ñе пиÑÐ°Ñ Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, койÑо
завиÑи Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободен пакеÑ, ÑеÑ
ниÑ
-ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ може да бÑде ÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ñлно
Ñвободна ÑиÑÑема. Ðо Ñози наÑин
-âÐоÑиÑâ и âÐÑ Ñиâ Ñ
ванаÑ
а в капан
огÑомна ÑаÑÑ Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑ,
-ÑÑздавайки пÑоблеми, ÑеÑаванеÑо на коиÑо
оÑне години. ÐÑоблемÑÑ Ñ âÐоÑиÑâ
-не е напÑлно ÑазÑеÑен, понеже âÐеÑÑиÑâ
има нÑжда Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¸Ð·Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ð½Ðµ (молÑ,
-оÑзовеÑе Ñе!). ÐеÑвободнаÑа ÑеализаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
Ðжава на âСÑнâ Ñега има подобен
-еÑÐµÐºÑ â <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.bg.html">âклопкаÑа
на Ðжаваâ</a>
-(ÐÑÑоÑиÑеÑка бележка: ÐÑ Ð´ÐµÐºÐµÐ¼Ð²Ñи 2006 г.
âСÑнâ Ñа в пÑоÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð° <a
-href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html">пÑеиздаване
на
-ÑÑÑ
наÑа плаÑÑоÑма на Ðжава под GNU GPL</a>.).</p>
-
-<p>
-Ðко обÑноÑÑÑа ни пÑодÑлжава да Ñе движи в
Ñази поÑока, може да пÑенаÑоÑи
-бÑдеÑеÑо на <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.bg.html">GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a> кÑм мозайка
-Ð¾Ñ Ñвободни и неÑвободни компоненÑи. След
Ð¿ÐµÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ ÑÑÑ ÑигÑÑноÑÑ Ñе имаме
-доÑÑа Ñвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ; но ако не Ñме
внимаÑелни, Ñой поÑÑи нÑма да бÑде
-използваем без неÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑоÑÑÑеÑ, койÑо
поÑÑебиÑелиÑе оÑÐ°ÐºÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° намеÑÑÑ
-заедно Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾. Ðко Ñова Ñе ÑлÑÑи, наÑаÑа
ÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñвобода би била
-пÑовалена.</p>
+Adding nonfree software to the <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> system may increase the
+popularity, if by popularity we mean the number of people using some of <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> in combination with nonfree
+software. But at the same time, it implicitly encourages the community to
+accept nonfree software as a good thing, and forget the goal of freedom. It
+is not good to drive faster if you can't stay on the road.</p>
+
+<p>
+When the nonfree “add-on” is a library or programming tool, it
+can become a trap for free software developers. When they write free
+software that depends on the nonfree package, their software cannot be part
+of a completely free system. Motif and Qt trapped large amounts of free
+software in this way in the past, creating problems whose solutions took
+years. The Motif problem is still not entirely solved, since LessTif needs
+some polishing (please volunteer!). Later, Sun's nonfree Java
+implementation had a similar effect: the <a
+href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java Trap</a>, fortunately no longer
+active.</p>
+
+<p>
+If our community keeps moving in this direction, it could redirect the
+future of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> into a mosaic of
+free and nonfree components. Five years from now, we will surely still have
+plenty of free software; but if we are not careful, it will hardly be usable
+without the nonfree software that users expect to find with it. If this
+happens, our campaign for freedom will have failed.</p>
<p>
If releasing free alternatives were simply a matter of programming, solving
future problems might become easier as our community's development resources
-increase. But we face obstacles which threaten to make this harder: laws
+increase. But we face obstacles that threaten to make this harder: laws
that prohibit free software. As software patents mount up, and as laws like
the <abbr title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">DMCA</abbr> are used to
prohibit the development of free software for important jobs such as viewing
a DVD or listening to a RealAudio stream, we will find ourselves with no
clear way to fight the patented and secret data formats except to
-<strong>reject the non-free programs that use them</strong>.</p>
+<strong>reject the nonfree programs that use them</strong>.</p>
<p>
-ÐоÑÑеÑанеÑо на Ñези пÑедизвикаÑелÑÑва Ñе
изиÑква най-ÑазлиÑни видове
-ÑÑилие. Ðо Ñова, Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÐµÑо Ñе нÑждаем
най-много, за да Ñе пÑоÑивопоÑÑавим на
-коеÑо и да е пÑедизвикаÑелÑÑво, е да помним
ÑелÑа â ÑвободаÑа за
-ÑÑÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑво. Ðе можем да оÑакваме едно
обикновено желание за моÑен и
-надежден ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð° моÑивиÑа Ñ
оÑаÑа да
Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ð¸ ÑÑилиÑ. Ðмаме нÑжда
-Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð·Ð¸ вид ÑеÑиÑелноÑÑ, койÑо Ñ
оÑаÑа
пÑоÑвавÑÑ, когаÑо Ñе боÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°
-ÑвободаÑа Ñи и за обÑноÑÑÑа Ñи â
ÑеÑиÑелноÑÑ Ð´Ð° пÑодÑлжаваме Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ и да
-не Ñе оÑказваме.</p>
-
-<p>
-РнаÑаÑа обÑноÑÑ, Ñази Ñел и Ñази
непоколебимоÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ñновно оÑ
-пÑоекÑа GNU. Ðие Ñме Ñези, коиÑо говоÑим за
ÑвободаÑа и обÑноÑÑÑа каÑо
-неÑо, коеÑо ÑÑÑбва да Ñе оÑÑÑоÑва;
оÑганизаÑииÑе, коиÑо говоÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° âÐинÑкÑâ,
-обикновено не ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñова. СпиÑаниÑÑа за
âÐинÑкÑâ Ñа пÑлни Ñ Ñеклами на
-неÑвободен ÑоÑÑÑеÑ; компанииÑе, коиÑо
пакеÑиÑÐ°Ñ âÐинÑкÑâ, добавÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободен
-ÑоÑÑÑÐµÑ ÐºÑм ÑиÑÑемаÑа; дÑÑги компании
âподдÑÑÐ¶Ð°Ñ ÐинÑкÑâ Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободни
-пÑогÑами; гÑÑпиÑе поÑÑебиÑели на
âÐинÑкÑâ обикновено канÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð°
-пÑедÑÑÐ°Ð²Ñ Ñези пÑиложениÑ. ÐÑновноÑо
мÑÑÑо, кÑдеÑо Ñ
оÑа Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑаÑа обÑноÑÑ
-Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° идеÑÑа за Ñвобода и
непоколебимоÑÑ Ðµ в пÑоекÑа GNU.</p>
+Meeting these challenges will require many different kinds of effort. But
+what we need above all, to confront any kind of challenge, is to remember
+the goal of freedom to cooperate. We can't expect a mere desire for
+powerful, reliable software to motivate people to make great efforts. We
+need the kind of determination that people have when they fight for their
+freedom and their community—determination to keep on for years and not
+give up.</p>
+
+<p>
+In our community, this goal and this determination emanate mainly from the
+GNU Project. We're the ones who talk about freedom and community as
+something to stand firm for; the organizations that speak of
+“Linux” normally don't say this. The magazines about
+“Linux” are typically full of ads for non-free software; the
+companies that package “Linux” add non-free software to the
+system; other companies “support Linux” by developing nonfree
+applications to run on GNU/Linux; the user groups for “Linux”
+typically invite salesman to present those applications. The main place
+people in our community are likely to come across the idea of freedom and
+determination is in the GNU Project.</p>
<p>
Ðо когаÑо Ñ
оÑаÑа Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° него, Ñе
поÑÑвÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸, Ñе Ñе оÑнаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑÑÑ
?</p>
@@ -187,11 +182,11 @@
<p>
-Ð.Ð. Ðа обÑÑнение за иÑÑоÑиÑÑа на ÑиÑÑемаÑа
GNU/ÐинÑкÑ, Ñо Ñе оÑнаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾
-пÑоблема Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÑо, вижÑе <a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.bg.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.bg.html</a>.
-Ðа оÑговоÑи на дÑÑги вÑпÑоÑи и аÑгÑменÑи
оÑноÑно Ñози пÑоблем, вижÑе <a
-href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">ЧеÑÑо задавани вÑпÑоÑи за
GNU/ÐинÑкÑ</a>.</p>
+PS: For an explanation of the history of the GNU/Linux system as it relates
+to this issue of naming, see <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html</a>.
+For answers to other questions and arguments about this issue, see the <a
+href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>.</p>
<div style="font-size: small;">
@@ -240,7 +235,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
ÐоÑледно обновÑване:
-$Date: 2009/09/26 18:25:12 $
+$Date: 2009/11/17 19:25:14 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
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