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[UTUTO-GNU] Fwd: [seguridad] Cambio de hora en la Republica Argentina
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From: |
Pablo Manuel Rizzo |
|
Subject: |
[UTUTO-GNU] Fwd: [seguridad] Cambio de hora en la Republica Argentina |
|
Date: |
Fri, 28 Dec 2007 12:41:43 -0300 |
FYI
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: InfoMail de ArCERT <address@hidden>
Date: Dec 28, 2007 12:04 PM
Subject: [seguridad] Cambio de hora en la Republica Argentina
To: Lista de Seguridad <address@hidden>
En el día de la fecha se publicó en el boletín oficial la Ley 26350
aprobada recientemente en el congreso de la nación, y que incluye
modificaciones en el huso horario de nuestro país.
Este año, a la 0(cero) hora del día domingo 30 de diciembre, empezará a
regir el huso horario GMT-2. Se volverá a utilizar el huso horario
GMT-3 a partir de la 0(cero) hora del día domingo 16 de marzo de 2008.
En este mensaje les queremos proponer algunos mecanismos para facilitar
el cambio de hora en los equipos críticos de su organismo.
Todos los sistemas operativos modernos, ya sean plataformas Linux/Unix o
Windows, permiten definir el huso horario utilizado. Normalmente, los
equipos en Argentina están configurados para utilizar GMT-3. Para
implementar los cambios aprobados en la citada Ley, es necesario
reconfigurar los equipos para que utilicen GMT-2 durante los meses de
verano, ya sea en forma manual o, mejor aún, que el equipo
automáticamente haga el cambio en los momentos definidos.
Es importante notar que los cambios los deben hacer incluso aquellos que
utilicen protocolo NTP para sincronizar sus relojes, ya que el mismo
brinda la hora en formato UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), que
corresponde al meridiano 0.
A continuación, proponemos algunas maneras de realizar el cambio. No
hemos tenido tiempo de probarlas exhaustivamente, por lo que
recomendamos aplicarlas en equipos de prueba antes de utilizarlas en
equipos de producción.
Linux/Unix:
-----------
Algunas distribuciones de linux están actualizando sus paquetes, por lo
que se espera que en los próximos días el cambio se realice en forma
automática, al instalar dichas actualizaciones. Se recomienda esperar
dichas actualizaciones o ajustar temporalmente la zona a GMT-2.
Sin embargo, si se requiere corregir la zona horaria en forma manual,
para que automáticamente se corrija la zona en el momento definido para
el verano 2007-2008, puede utilizar el archivo adjunto zoneinfo.ar.new,
que fue definido en forma temporal mientras se espera la actualización
oficial de la zona, y realizar los siguientes pasos:
1) ejecutar el compilador de zoneinfo:
zic -l America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires zoneinfo.ar.new
Esto compila e instala las zonas de Sudamérica y además recrea el
/etc/localtime apuntándolo a la zona de Buenos Aires.
2) Verificación:
Se puede instalar en un equipo en el cual se deshabilita el
NTP, y cambiar la hora a las 23:59 del 29/12 con el comando:
date 12292359
y esperar un minuto. La hora debería pasar automáticamente de las
11:59:59 a la 1:00:00.
Windows:
--------
Hoy 28 de diciembre, a las 14, la empresa Microsoft realizará un webcast
titulado: "Implementación de Horario de Verano para Argentina en
2007-2008 - Como prepararse para los cambios".
Se puede acceder al mismo desde la pagina: http://www.supportacademy.com/
Adicionalmente, se puede utilizar la herramienta TZedit para configurar
el horario de verano, o aplicar un parche al registro de windows. El
mismo es provisto por la empresa a través de su sistema de soporte al
cliente.
--
-----------------------------------------------
ArCERT - http://www.arcert.gov.ar
Te: (54-11) 4343-9001 int.512/514 | 4345-0383
Fax:(54-11) 4343-7458
Av.R. Saenz Peña 511 - Of:514
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------------------------------------------------
# @(#)southamerica 8.13
# <pre>
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# address@hidden for general use in the future).
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Earlier editions of these tables used the North American style (e.g. ARST and
# ARDT for Argentine Standard and Daylight Time), but the following quote
# suggests that it's better to use European style (e.g. ART and ARST).
# I suggest the use of _Summer time_ instead of the more cumbersome
# _daylight-saving time_. _Summer time_ seems to be in general use
# in Europe and South America.
# -- E O Cutler, _New York Times_ (1937-02-14), quoted in
# H L Mencken, _The American Language: Supplement I_ (1960), p 466
#
# Earlier editions of these tables also used the North American style
# for time zones in Brazil, but this was incorrect, as Brazilians say
# "summer time". Reinaldo Goulart, a Sao Paulo businessman active in
# the railroad sector, writes (1999-07-06):
# The subject of time zones is currently a matter of discussion/debate in
# Brazil. Let's say that "the Brasilia time" is considered the
# "official time" because Brasilia is the capital city.
# The other three time zones are called "Brasilia time "minus one" or
# "plus one" or "plus two". As far as I know there is no such
# name/designation as "Eastern Time" or "Central Time".
# So I invented the following (English-language) abbreviations for now.
# Corrections are welcome!
# std dst
# -2:00 FNT FNST Fernando de Noronha
# -3:00 BRT BRST Brasilia
# -4:00 AMT AMST Amazon
# -5:00 ACT ACST Acre
###############################################################################
###############################################################################
# Argentina
# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974. Switches at midnight.
# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-199):
# ARGENTINA 3 H BEHIND UTC
# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
# I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
# AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Arg 1930 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1931 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1931 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1932 1940 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1932 1939 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1941 only - Jun 15 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1941 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1943 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1943 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1946 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1963 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1963 only - Dec 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1964 1966 - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1967 only - Apr 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1967 1968 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1968 1969 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1974 only - Jan 23 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 1974 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1988 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
#
# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
# These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
# obtaining the data from the:
# Talleres de Hidrografia Naval Argentina
# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
Rule Arg 1989 1993 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 1989 1992 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
#
# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
# From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
# time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
# to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
#
# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
# from the International Date Line.
Rule Arg 1999 only - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 2000 only - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Arg 2007 only - Dec Sun>=30 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Arg 2008 max - Mar Sun>=15 0:00
0 -
Rule Arg 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 0:00
1:00 S
#
# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
# We just checked with our Sao Paulo office and they say the government of
# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
#
# From Fabian L. Arce Jofre (2000-04-04):
# The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
# de la Rua on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
# in the winter time, rather than less. The change took effect on March 3.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
# one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
# Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
# in effect.... The article is at
# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
# ... The Law itself is "Ley No 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
# 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21. The official publication is at:
#
http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
# Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
#
# (2001-06-12):
# the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
# Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
#
# (2001-06-25):
# Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
# Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
# http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
# It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
# This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
# We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
# Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
# its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf
# From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24):
# It's Law No. 7,210. This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
# now we'll assume it's for this year only.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# <a href="http://www.spicasc.net/horvera.html";>
# Hora de verano para la Republica Argentina (2003-06-08)
# </a> says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
# to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25. Go with this more-precise value
# over Shanks & Pottenger.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05):
# These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state:
# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp
# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp
#
# The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at
# midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01).
# Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same
# time in October 17th.
#
# Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
# Tierra del Fuego, Tucuman.
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucuman decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
# yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
# annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
#
# From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14):
# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ...
# "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from
# the start. The government had decreed that the measure would take
# effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin
# three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday....
# Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place
# on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other
# provinces). Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier. So the article
# contains a contradiction. I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday
# date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del
# Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00.
#
# From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05):
# The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone
# back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the
# new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17).
# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf
#
# From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05):
# San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between
# Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st. It changed back to UTC-03:00
# at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th....
# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html
# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html
# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html
# Unless otherwise specified, data are from Shanks & Pottenger through 1992,
# from the IATA otherwise. As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
# America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, but we
# haven't verified this yet so for now we'll keep it a single region.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
-3:00 - ART 2007 Dec 29
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
#
# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Rios (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
# Formosa (FM), Salta (SA), Santiago del Estero (SE), Cordoba (CB),
# San Luis (SL), La Pampa (LP), Neuquen (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
#
# Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
# - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
# - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
# - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
# - San Luis switched to -4:00 on 1990-03-14, then to -3:00 on 1990-10-15,
# then to -4:00 on 1991-03-01, then to -3:00 on 1991-06-01.
# - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
# then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
#
Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
-4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 20
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
-3:00 - ART 2007 Dec 29
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
#
# Tucuman (TM)
Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
-4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 20
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
-3:00 - ART 2004 Jun 1
-4:00 - WART 2004 Jun 13
-3:00 - ART 2007 Dec 29
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
#
# La Rioja (LR)
Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 1
-4:00 - WART 1991 May 7
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
-3:00 - ART 2004 Jun 1
-4:00 - WART 2004 Jun 20
-3:00 - ART 2007 Dec 29
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
#
# San Juan (SJ)
Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 1
-4:00 - WART 1991 May 7
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
-3:00 - ART 2004 May 31
-4:00 - WART 2004 Jul 25
-3:00 - ART 2007 Dec 29
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
#
# Jujuy (JY)
Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Mar 4
-4:00 - WART 1990 Oct 28
-4:00 1:00 WARST 1991 Mar 17
-4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 6
-3:00 1:00 ARST 1992
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
-3:00 - ART 2007 Dec 29
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
#
# Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1991 Mar 3
-4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 20
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
-3:00 - ART 2004 Jun 1
-4:00 - WART 2004 Jun 20
-3:00 - ART 2007 Dec 29
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
#
# Mendoza (MZ)
Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1990 Mar 4
-4:00 - WART 1990 Oct 15
-4:00 1:00 WARST 1991 Mar 1
-4:00 - WART 1991 Oct 15
-4:00 1:00 WARST 1992 Mar 1
-4:00 - WART 1992 Oct 18
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
-3:00 - ART 2004 May 23
-4:00 - WART 2004 Sep 26
-3:00 - ART 2007 Dec 29
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
#
# Santa Cruz (SC)
Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
-3:00 - ART 2004 Jun 1
-4:00 - WART 2004 Jun 20
-3:00 - ART 2007 Dec 29
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
#
# Tierra del Fuego, Antartida e Islas del Atlantico Sur (TF)
Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT 1894 Oct 31
-4:16:48 - CMT 1920 May # Cordoba Mean Time
-4:00 - ART 1930 Dec
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 1969 Oct 5
-3:00 Arg AR%sT 1999 Oct 3
-4:00 Arg AR%sT 2000 Mar 3
-3:00 - ART 2004 May 30
-4:00 - WART 2004 Jun 20
-3:00 - ART 2007 Dec 29
-3:00 Arg AR%sT
# Aruba
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Aruba -4:40:24 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
-4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
-4:00 - AST
# Bolivia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/La_Paz -4:32:36 - LMT 1890
-4:32:36 - CMT 1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
-4:32:36 1:00 BOST 1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
-4:00 - BOT # Bolivia Time
# Brazil
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
# The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
# just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
# The rule change lasted only part of the day;
# the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
# was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
# From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
# _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
# Santa Catarina (SC), Parana (PR), Sao Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
# Espirito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goias (GO),
# Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
# [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
# From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goias until 1989), and other
# sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
# always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
# The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91. Each issue from then until
# 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
# along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
# (UTC-4).... The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
# UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
# UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
# become part of the state of Pernambuco). The boundary between BR1 and BR2
# has never been clearly stated. They've simply been called East and West.
# However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
# Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil. For each
# airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM. From that
# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapa (AP), Ceara (CE),
# Maranhao (MA), Paraiba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piaui (PI), and Rio Grande do
# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Para (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html";>
# Brazilian official page
# </a>
# From Jesper Norgaard (2000-11-03):
# [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
# From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
# The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
#
# Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
# the results are known almost immediately. Yesterday, it was the first
# round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
# Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies. Nobody is
# counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
# round for the Presidency and also for some Governors. The 2nd round will
# take place on October 27th.
#
# The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
# of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
# Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
# the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
# (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...
# From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
# It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
# modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
# with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20):
# Brazil will start DST on 2007-10-14 00:00 and end on 2008-02-17 00:00:
#
http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do;jsessionid=BBA06811AFCAAC28F0285210913513DA?newsId=13975
# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
# The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html";>
# Decretos sobre o Horario de Verao no Brasil
# </a>.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm";>20,466</a> (1931-10-01)
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm";>21,896</a> (1932-01-10)
Rule Brazil 1931 only - Oct 3 11:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1932 1933 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Brazil 1932 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm";>23,195</a> (1933-10-10)
# revoked DST.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm";>27,496</a> (1949-11-24)
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm";>27,998</a> (1950-04-13)
Rule Brazil 1949 1952 - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1950 only - Apr 16 1:00 0 -
Rule Brazil 1951 1952 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm";>32,308</a> (1953-02-24)
Rule Brazil 1953 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm";>34,724</a> (1953-11-30)
# revoked DST.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm";>52,700</a> (1963-10-18)
# established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
# in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm";>53,071</a> (1963-12-03)
# extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
Rule Brazil 1963 only - Dec 9 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm";>53,604</a> (1964-02-25)
# extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
Rule Brazil 1964 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm";>55,639</a> (1965-01-27)
Rule Brazil 1965 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1965 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm";>57,303</a> (1965-11-22)
Rule Brazil 1965 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm";>57,843</a> (1966-02-18)
Rule Brazil 1966 1968 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Brazil 1966 1967 - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm";>63,429</a> (1968-10-15)
# revoked DST.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm";>91,698</a> (1985-09-27)
Rule Brazil 1985 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
# Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
Rule Brazil 1986 only - Mar 15 0:00 0 -
# Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
Rule Brazil 1986 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1987 only - Feb 14 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm";>94,922</a> (1987-09-22)
Rule Brazil 1987 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1988 only - Feb 7 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm";>96,676</a> (1988-09-12)
# except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
Rule Brazil 1988 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1989 only - Jan 29 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm";>98,077</a> (1989-08-21)
# with the same exceptions
Rule Brazil 1989 only - Oct 15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1990 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm";>99,530</a> (1990-09-17)
# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
# Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
Rule Brazil 1990 only - Oct 21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1991 only - Feb 17 0:00 0 -
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm";>Unnumbered decree</a> (1991-09-25)
# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
Rule Brazil 1991 only - Oct 20 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1992 only - Feb 9 0:00 0 -
# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm";>Unnumbered decree</a> (1992-10-16)
# adopted by same states.
Rule Brazil 1992 only - Oct 25 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1993 only - Jan 31 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm";>942</a> (1993-09-28)
# adopted by same states, plus AM.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm";>1,252</a> (1994-09-22;
# web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm";>1,636</a> (1995-09-14)
# adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm";>1,674</a> (1995-10-13)
# adds AL, SE.
Rule Brazil 1993 1995 - Oct Sun>=11 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1994 1995 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
Rule Brazil 1996 only - Feb 11 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm";>2,000</a> (1996-09-04)
# adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
Rule Brazil 1996 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1997 only - Feb 16 0:00 0 -
# From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
# In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
# because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
# they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
# This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
# to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
#
# Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
Rule Brazil 1997 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG";>2,495</a>
# (1998-02-10)
Rule Brazil 1998 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg";>2,780</a> (1998-09-11)
# adopted by the same states as before.
Rule Brazil 1998 only - Oct 11 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 1999 only - Feb 21 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif";>3,150</a>
# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif";>3,188</a> (1999-09-30)
# adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
Rule Brazil 1999 only - Oct 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 2000 only - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm";>3,592</a> (2000-09-06)
# adopted by the same states as before.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg";>3,630</a> (2000-10-13)
# repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg";>3,632</a> (2000-10-17)
# repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif";>3,916</a>
# (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
Rule Brazil 2000 2001 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 2001 2006 - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
# Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2002/D4399.htm";></a>
Rule Brazil 2002 only - Nov 3 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
# <a href="http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2003/D4844.htm";></a>
Rule Brazil 2003 only - Oct 19 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
# <a
href="http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Decreto/D5223.htm";></a>
Rule Brazil 2004 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5539.gif";>5,539</a> (2005-09-19),
# adopted by the same states as before.
Rule Brazil 2005 only - Oct 16 0:00 1:00 S
# Decree <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5920.gif";>5,920</a> (2006-10-03),
# adopted by the same states as before.
Rule Brazil 2006 only - Nov 5 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 2007 only - Feb 25 0:00 0 -
# (Decree number not yet known)
# http://www.brasil.gov.br/noticias/ultimas_noticias/horario_verao070920/
# (2007-09-20) after a heads-up from Steffen Thorsen:
Rule Brazil 2007 max - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Brazil 2008 max - Feb Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
# The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
# DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
# For dates after mid-2008, the above rules with TO="max" are guesses
# and are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
#
# Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
Zone America/Noronha -2:09:40 - LMT 1914
-2:00 Brazil FN%sT 1990 Sep 17
-2:00 - FNT 1999 Sep 30
-2:00 Brazil FN%sT 2000 Oct 15
-2:00 - FNT 2001 Sep 13
-2:00 Brazil FN%sT 2002 Oct 1
-2:00 - FNT
# Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
# These include Trindade and Martin Vaz (administratively part of ES),
# Atol das Rocas (RN), and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo (PE).
# Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
# it also included the Penedos.
#
# Amapa (AP), east Para (PA)
# East Para includes Belem, Maraba, Serra Norte, and Sao Felix do Xingu.
# The division between east and west Para is the river Xingu.
# In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
# the border with Amapa) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
Zone America/Belem -3:13:56 - LMT 1914
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1988 Sep 12
-3:00 - BRT
#
# Maranhao (MA), Piaui (PI), Ceara (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
# Paraiba (PB)
Zone America/Fortaleza -2:34:00 - LMT 1914
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
-3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 22
-3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2002 Oct 1
-3:00 - BRT
#
# Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
Zone America/Recife -2:19:36 - LMT 1914
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
-3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 15
-3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2002 Oct 1
-3:00 - BRT
#
# Tocantins (TO)
Zone America/Araguaina -3:12:48 - LMT 1914
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
-3:00 - BRT 1995 Sep 14
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2003 Sep 24
-3:00 - BRT
#
# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
Zone America/Maceio -2:22:52 - LMT 1914
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1990 Sep 17
-3:00 - BRT 1995 Oct 13
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1996 Sep 4
-3:00 - BRT 1999 Sep 30
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2000 Oct 22
-3:00 - BRT 2001 Sep 13
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2002 Oct 1
-3:00 - BRT
#
# Bahia (BA)
# There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
# of America/Salvador.
Zone America/Bahia -2:34:04 - LMT 1914
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 2003 Sep 24
-3:00 - BRT
#
# Goias (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
# Espirito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Sao Paulo (SP), Parana (PR),
# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
Zone America/Sao_Paulo -3:06:28 - LMT 1914
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT 1963 Oct 23 00:00
-3:00 1:00 BRST 1964
-3:00 Brazil BR%sT
#
# Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 - LMT 1914
-4:00 Brazil AM%sT
#
# Mato Grosso (MT)
Zone America/Cuiaba -3:44:20 - LMT 1914
-4:00 Brazil AM%sT 2003 Sep 24
-4:00 - AMT 2004 Oct 1
-4:00 Brazil AM%sT
#
# west Para (PA), Rondonia (RO)
# West Para includes Altamira, Oribidos, Prainha, Oriximina, and Santarem.
Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 - LMT 1914
-4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
-4:00 - AMT
#
# Roraima (RR)
Zone America/Boa_Vista -4:02:40 - LMT 1914
-4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
-4:00 - AMT 1999 Sep 30
-4:00 Brazil AM%sT 2000 Oct 15
-4:00 - AMT
#
# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutai, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
# The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
# east from west Amazonas.
Zone America/Manaus -4:00:04 - LMT 1914
-4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1988 Sep 12
-4:00 - AMT 1993 Sep 28
-4:00 Brazil AM%sT 1994 Sep 22
-4:00 - AMT
#
# west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
# Eirunepe, Envira, Ipixuna
Zone America/Eirunepe -4:39:28 - LMT 1914
-5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
-5:00 - ACT 1993 Sep 28
-5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1994 Sep 22
-5:00 - ACT
#
# Acre (AC)
Zone America/Rio_Branco -4:31:12 - LMT 1914
-5:00 Brazil AC%sT 1988 Sep 12
-5:00 - ACT
# Chile
# From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
# The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
# of October.... The law is the same for March and October.
# (1998-09-29):
# Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
# DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
# (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
# on April 3, (one-time change).
# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
# http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-08):
# I think that there are some obvious mistakes in the suggested link
# from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66 says that GMT-4
# ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at 1990-09-15
# (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16 respectively), but
# anyhow it clears up some doubts too.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-27):
# The following data for Chile and America/Santiago are from
# <http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm> (2006-09-20), transcribed by
# Jesper Norgaard Welen. The data for Pacific/Easter are from Shanks
# & Pottenger, except with DST transitions after 1932 cloned from
# America/Santiago. The pre-1980 Pacific/Easter data are dubious,
# but we have no other source.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Chile 1927 1932 - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1928 1932 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Chile 1942 only - Jun 1 4:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1942 only - Aug 1 5:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1946 only - Jul 15 4:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1946 only - Sep 1 3:00u 0:00 -
Rule Chile 1947 only - Apr 1 4:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1968 only - Nov 3 4:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1969 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1969 only - Nov 23 4:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1970 only - Mar 29 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1971 only - Mar 14 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1972 1986 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1973 only - Sep 30 4:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1974 1987 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1987 only - Apr 12 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1988 1989 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1988 only - Oct Sun>=1 4:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1989 only - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1990 only - Mar 18 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1990 only - Sep 16 4:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1991 1996 - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1991 1997 - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1997 only - Mar 30 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1998 only - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1998 only - Sep 27 4:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 1999 only - Apr 4 3:00u 0 -
Rule Chile 1999 max - Oct Sun>=9 4:00u 1:00 S
Rule Chile 2000 max - Mar Sun>=9 3:00u 0 -
# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08. Ignore these.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Santiago -4:42:46 - LMT 1890
-4:42:46 - SMT 1910 # Santiago Mean Time
-5:00 - CLT 1916 Jul 1 # Chile Time
-4:42:46 - SMT 1918 Sep 1 # Santiago Mean Time
-4:00 - CLT 1919 Jul 1 # Chile Time
-4:42:46 - SMT 1927 Sep 1 # Santiago Mean Time
-5:00 Chile CL%sT 1947 May 22 # Chile Time
-4:00 Chile CL%sT
Zone Pacific/Easter -7:17:44 - LMT 1890
-7:17:28 - EMT 1932 Sep # Easter Mean Time
-7:00 Chile EAS%sT 1982 Mar 13 21:00 #
Easter I Time
-6:00 Chile EAS%sT
#
# Sala y Gomez Island is like Pacific/Easter.
# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernandez Is, San Ambrosio,
# San Felix, and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
# Colombia
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule CO 1992 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
Rule CO 1993 only - Apr 4 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Bogota -4:56:20 - LMT 1884 Mar 13
-4:56:20 - BMT 1914 Nov 23 # Bogota Mean Time
-5:00 CO CO%sT # Colombia Time
# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
# no information; probably like America/Bogota
# Curacao
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01. The former is dubious, since S&P also say
# Saba Island has been like Curacao.
# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
#
# By July 2007 Curacao and St Maarten are planned to become
# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands. This won't affect their time zones
# though, as far as we know.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Curacao -4:35:44 - LMT 1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
-4:30 - ANT 1965 # Netherlands Antilles Time
-4:00 - AST
# Ecuador
#
# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-04):
# Apparently Ecuador had a failed experiment with DST in 1992.
# <http://midena.gov.ec/content/view/1261/208/> (2007-02-27) and
# <http://www.hoy.com.ec/NoticiaNue.asp?row_id=249856> (2006-11-06) both
# talk about "hora Sixto". Leave this alone for now, as we have no data.
#
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guayaquil -5:19:20 - LMT 1890
-5:14:00 - QMT 1931 # Quito Mean Time
-5:00 - ECT # Ecuador Time
Zone Pacific/Galapagos -5:58:24 - LMT 1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
-5:00 - ECT 1986
-6:00 - GALT # Galapagos Time
# Falklands
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks & Pottenger and the IATA agree except
# the IATA gives 1996-09-08. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
# From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
# via Jesper Norgaard:
# ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
# April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
# September. It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
# am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
# Sunday 1 September.
# From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
#
# I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
# time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998. Here is
# what was said then:
#
# "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
# did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
# started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
# There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
# personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
# uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
# it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
# and started again on September 12/13th. I do not know what the rule
# is, but can find out if you like. We do not change at the same time
# as UK or Chile."
#
# I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
# 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00". I think that this does
# not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
#
# Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
# Falklands do not use DST. I have found in my communications there
# that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
# West Falkland. Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
# DST. Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
# it. West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
#
# I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
# which doesn't each year. She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
# the list changes each year. She uses it to communicate to her
# customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
# For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
# better info.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Falk 1937 1938 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Falk 1938 1942 - Mar Sun>=19 0:00 0 -
Rule Falk 1939 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Falk 1940 1942 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Falk 1943 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Falk 1983 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Falk 1984 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Falk 1984 only - Sep 16 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Falk 1985 2000 - Sep Sun>=9 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Falk 1986 2000 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 0 -
Rule Falk 2001 max - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
Rule Falk 2001 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/Stanley -3:51:24 - LMT 1890
-3:51:24 - SMT 1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
-4:00 Falk FK%sT 1983 May # Falkland Is Time
-3:00 Falk FK%sT 1985 Sep 15
-4:00 Falk FK%sT
# French Guiana
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Cayenne -3:29:20 - LMT 1911 Jul
-4:00 - GFT 1967 Oct # French Guiana Time
-3:00 - GFT
# Guyana
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Guyana -3:52:40 - LMT 1915 Mar # Georgetown
-3:45 - GBGT 1966 May 26 # Br Guiana Time
-3:45 - GYT 1975 Jul 31 # Guyana Time
-3:00 - GYT 1991
# IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00. Assume a 1991 switch.
-4:00 - GYT
# Paraguay
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are from 01:00 -> 02:00,
# and autumn transitions are from 00:00 -> 23:00. Go with pre-1999
# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Para 1975 1988 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1975 1978 - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Para 1979 1991 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Para 1989 only - Oct 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1990 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1991 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1992 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Para 1992 only - Oct 5 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1993 only - Mar 31 0:00 0 -
Rule Para 1993 1995 - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 1994 1995 - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
Rule Para 1996 only - Mar 1 0:00 0 -
# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
# I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
# (10-01).
#
# Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
# <a href="http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm";>
# Noticias, a daily paper in Asuncion, Paraguay (2000-10-01)
# </a>:
# Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
# fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power.... The time change
# system has been operating for several years. Formerly there was a separate
# decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently. Every
# year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
# clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
#
Rule Para 1996 2001 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Para 1997 only - Feb lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Shanks & Pottenger say 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
# (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
Rule Para 1998 2001 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
# From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
# A decree was issued in Paraguay (no. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
# dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
# April.
Rule Para 2002 2004 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Para 2002 2003 - Sep Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
#
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
# There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
# a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
# Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
# From Carlos Raul Perasso via Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
# <http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf>
Rule Para 2004 max - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Para 2005 max - Mar Sun>=8 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Asuncion -3:50:40 - LMT 1890
-3:50:40 - AMT 1931 Oct 10 # Asuncion Mean Time
-4:00 - PYT 1972 Oct # Paraguay Time
-3:00 - PYT 1974 Apr
-4:00 Para PY%sT
# Peru
#
# <a href="news:address@hidden";>
# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26):</a>
# When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
# sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Shanks & Pottenger don't have this transition. Assume 1986 was like 1987.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Peru 1938 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Peru 1938 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Peru 1938 1939 - Sep lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Peru 1939 1940 - Mar Sun>=24 0:00 0 -
Rule Peru 1986 1987 - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Peru 1986 1987 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Peru 1990 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Peru 1990 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Peru 1994 only - Jan 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Peru 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Lima -5:08:12 - LMT 1890
-5:08:36 - LMT 1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
-5:00 Peru PE%sT # Peru Time
# South Georgia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 - LMT 1890 # Grytviken
-2:00 - GST # South Georgia Time
# South Sandwich Is
# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
# Suriname
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Paramaribo -3:40:40 - LMT 1911
-3:40:52 - PMT 1935 # Paramaribo Mean Time
-3:40:36 - PMT 1945 Oct # The capital moved?
-3:30 - NEGT 1975 Nov 20 # Dutch Guiana Time
-3:30 - SRT 1984 Oct # Suriname Time
-3:00 - SRT
# Trinidad and Tobago
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 - LMT 1912 Mar 2
-4:00 - AST
# Uruguay
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# Whitman gives 1923 Oct 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Uruguay 1923 only - Oct 2 0:00 0:30 HS
Rule Uruguay 1924 1926 - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0:30 HS
Rule Uruguay 1933 1935 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 1 0:00 & 1936 Mar 30 0:00; go with Whitman.
Rule Uruguay 1934 1936 - Mar Sat>=25 23:30s 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 0:30 HS
Rule Uruguay 1937 1941 - Mar lastSun 0:00 0 -
# Whitman gives 1937 Oct 3; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Uruguay 1937 1940 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
# Whitman gives 1941 Oct 24 - 1942 Mar 27, 1942 Dec 14 - 1943 Apr 13,
# and 1943 Apr 13 ``to present time''; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Uruguay 1941 only - Aug 1 0:00 0:30 HS
Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1942 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1943 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1959 only - May 24 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1959 only - Nov 15 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Jan 17 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1960 only - Mar 6 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1965 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1965 only - Sep 26 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1966 1967 - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - May 27 0:00 0:30 HS
Rule Uruguay 1968 1970 - Dec 2 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Apr 24 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1972 only - Aug 15 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Mar 10 0:00 0:30 HS
Rule Uruguay 1974 only - Dec 22 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1976 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1977 only - Dec 4 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1978 only - Apr 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1980 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1987 only - Dec 14 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Mar 14 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1988 only - Dec 11 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Mar 12 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1989 only - Oct 29 0:00 1:00 S
# Shanks & Pottenger say no DST was observed in 1990/1 and 1991/2,
# and that 1992/3's DST was from 10-25 to 03-01. Go with IATA.
Rule Uruguay 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
Rule Uruguay 1990 1991 - Oct Sun>=21 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1992 only - Oct 18 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 1993 only - Feb 28 0:00 0 -
# From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
# The uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/decretos/2004091502.htm
Rule Uruguay 2004 only - Sep 19 0:00 1:00 S
# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
# Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to
# save energy ... it was postponed two weeks....
# http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/noticias/2005/03/2005031005.htm
Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Mar 27 2:00 0 -
# From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27):
#
http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_Web/decretos/2005/09/CM%20119_09%2009%202005_00001.PDF
# This means that from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at
# 02:00 local time, official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
Rule Uruguay 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 2006 only - Mar 12 2:00 0 -
# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
#
http://www.presidencia.gub.uy/_web/decretos/2006/09/CM%20210_08%2006%202006_00001.PDF
Rule Uruguay 2006 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Uruguay 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Montevideo -3:44:44 - LMT 1898 Jun 28
-3:44:44 - MMT 1920 May 1 # Montevideo MT
-3:30 Uruguay UY%sT 1942 Dec 14 # Uruguay Time
-3:00 Uruguay UY%sT
# Venezuela
#
# From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
# ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
# been brought forward to 2007-12-09. The official announcement was
# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la Republica Bolivariana
# de Venezuela, numero 38.819" (official document for all laws or
# resolution publication)
# http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone America/Caracas -4:27:44 - LMT 1890
-4:27:40 - CMT 1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
-4:30 - VET 1965 # Venezuela Time
-4:00 - VET 2007 Dec 9 03:00
-4:30 - VET
-------------------------------------------------------------
ArCERT - http://www.arcert.gov.ar
+54(11)4343-9001 int.514 Fax:+54(11)4343-7458
Av.R. Saenz Peña 511 Of. 514 Buenos Aires - Argentina
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--
Pablo Manuel Rizzo
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Aunque supiera que el mundo se acabará mañana,
Igual plantaría mi manzano. -- Martin Luther King --
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