Dear Ikumi --
1. Go where the source file is (e.g., "cd c:/tmp") and run pdflatex
directly (without involving emacs):
pdflatex SOURCEFILE.tex
Does that run normally or stop with the same error?
This does not result in error. In fact, this is the method I have been using to do my work since I found this problem. Below please find a sample output:
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abbey $ pdflatex test.tex
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX Live 2015/Cygwin) (preloaded format=pdflatex)
restricted \write18 enabled.
entering extended mode
(./test.tex
LaTeX2e <2015/01/01>
Babel <3.9l> and hyphenation patterns for 79 languages loaded.
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
Document Class: article 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo)) (./test.aux) [1{/var/lib/tex
mf/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] (./test.aux) )</usr/share/texmf-dist/fo
nts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr10.pfb>
Output written on test.pdf (1 page, 12705 bytes).
Transcript written on test.log.
****************
2. If that doesn't cause error, try diabling your personal setting for
emacs according to AUCTeX FAQ.
(The paragraph which begins with
Second, you can try to figure out if...
in https://www.gnu.org/software/auctex/manual/auctex/FAQ.html#FAQ )
On windows, the command `emacs -q -no-site-file -l auctex' should be
replaced with `runemacs -q -no-site-file -l auctex'.
This test did provide an interesting result -- although I cannot say what the problem is, it may give you a useful hint.
The test is as you suggested:
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abbey $ ls
test.aux test.log test.pdf test.tex test.tex~ texput.log
abbey $ runemacs -q -no-site-file -l auctex test.tex
****************
As a result of this an emacs window opened with the following error message:
****************
Cannot open load file: No such file or directory, auctex
So, auctex cannot find the file, even though the command is invoked in the directory that contains the file (per the ls command shown above).
It seems you are getting close!
Thanks,
Oscar