Here is a longer example of how alists may be used in practice.
(define capitals '(("New York" . "Albany")
("Oregon" . "Salem")
("Florida" . "Miami")))
;; What's the capital of Oregon?
(assoc "Oregon" capitals) ?6?0 ("Oregon" . "Salem")
(assoc-ref capitals "Oregon") ?6?0 "Salem"
;; We left out South Dakota.
(set! capitals
(assoc-set! capitals "South Dakota" "Pierre"))
capitals
?6?0 (("South Dakota" . "Pierre")
("New York" . "Albany")
("Oregon" . "Salem")
("Florida" . "Miami"))
;; And we got Florida wrong.
(set! capitals
(assoc-set! capitals "Florida" "Tallahassee"))
capitals
?6?0 (("South Dakota" . "Pierre")
("New York" . "Albany")
("Oregon" . "Salem")
("Florida" . "Tallahassee"))
;; After Oregon secedes, we can remove it.
(set! capitals
(assoc-remove! capitals "Oregon"))
capitals
?6?0 (("South Dakota" . "Pierre")
("New York" . "Albany")
("Florida" . "Tallahassee"))