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Changes to grep/manual/html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressio
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From: |
Jim Meyering |
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Subject: |
Changes to grep/manual/html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html, v |
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Date: |
Fri, 02 Mar 2012 09:28:37 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/grep
Module name: grep
Changes by: Jim Meyering <meyering> 12/03/02 09:28:32
Index: html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/webcvs/grep/grep/manual/html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html 25 Jun 2011
09:28:45 -0000 1.9
+++ html_node/Character-Classes-and-Bracket-Expressions.html 2 Mar 2012
09:28:26 -0000 1.10
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
<html lang="en">
<head>
-<title>Character Classes and Bracket Expressions - GNU Grep 2.9</title>
+<title>Character Classes and Bracket Expressions - GNU Grep 2.11</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
-<meta name="description" content="GNU Grep 2.9">
+<meta name="description" content="GNU Grep 2.11">
<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13">
<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
<link rel="up" href="Regular-Expressions.html#Regular-Expressions"
title="Regular Expressions">
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@
<!--
This manual is for `grep', a pattern matching engine.
-Copyright (C) 1999-2002, 2005, 2008-2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+Copyright (C) 1999-2002, 2005, 2008-2012 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
@@ -72,22 +73,22 @@
<p>Finally, certain named classes of characters are predefined within
bracket expressions, as follows.
Their interpretation depends on the <code>LC_CTYPE</code> locale;
-the interpretation below is that of the ‘<samp><span
class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale,
-which is the default if no <code>LC_CTYPE</code> locale is specified.
+for example, ‘<samp><span class="samp">[[:alnum:]]</span></samp>’
means the character class of numbers and letters
+in the current locale.
<p><a name="index-classes-of-characters-210"></a><a
name="index-character-classes-211"></a>
<dl>
<dt>‘<samp><span class="samp">[:alnum:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-alnum-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-212"></a><a
name="index-alphanumeric-characters-213"></a>Alphanumeric characters:
-‘<samp><span class="samp">[:alpha:]</span></samp>’ and
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:digit:]</span></samp>’.
+‘<samp><span class="samp">[:alpha:]</span></samp>’ and
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:digit:]</span></samp>’; in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character encoding, this is the same as ‘<samp><span
class="samp">[0-9A-Za-z]</span></samp>’.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:alpha:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-alpha-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-214"></a><a
name="index-alphabetic-characters-215"></a>Alphabetic characters:
-‘<samp><span class="samp">[:lower:]</span></samp>’ and
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:upper:]</span></samp>’.
+‘<samp><span class="samp">[:lower:]</span></samp>’ and
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:upper:]</span></samp>’; in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character encoding, this is the same as ‘<samp><span
class="samp">[A-Za-z]</span></samp>’.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:blank:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-blank-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-216"></a><a
name="index-blank-characters-217"></a>Blank characters:
space and tab.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:cntrl:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-cntrl-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-218"></a><a
name="index-control-characters-219"></a>Control characters.
-In <span class="sc">ascii</span>, these characters have octal codes 000
+In ASCII, these characters have octal codes 000
through 037, and 177 (<code>DEL</code>).
In other character sets, these are
the equivalent characters, if any.
@@ -97,32 +98,32 @@
<br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:graph:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-graph-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-223"></a><a
name="index-graphic-characters-224"></a>Graphical characters:
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:alnum:]</span></samp>’ and
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:punct:]</span></samp>’.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:lower:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-lower-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-225"></a><a
name="index-lower_002dcase-letters-226"></a>Lower-case letters:
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:lower:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-lower-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-225"></a><a
name="index-lower_002dcase-letters-226"></a>Lower-case letters; in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character
+encoding, this is
<code>a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z</code>.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:print:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-print-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-227"></a><a
name="index-printable-characters-228"></a>Printable characters:
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:alnum:]</span></samp>’,
‘<samp><span class="samp">[:punct:]</span></samp>’, and space.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:punct:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-punct-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-229"></a><a
name="index-punctuation-characters-230"></a>Punctuation characters:
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:punct:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-punct-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-229"></a><a
name="index-punctuation-characters-230"></a>Punctuation characters; in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character
+encoding, this is
<code>! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / : ; < = > ? @ [ \ ] ^ _ ` { | }
~</code>.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:space:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-space-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-231"></a><a
name="index-space-characters-232"></a><a
name="index-whitespace-characters-233"></a>Space characters:
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:space:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-space-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-231"></a><a
name="index-space-characters-232"></a><a
name="index-whitespace-characters-233"></a>Space characters: in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale, this is
tab, newline, vertical tab, form feed, carriage return, and space.
See <a href="Usage.html#Usage">Usage</a>, for more discussion of matching
newlines.
- <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:upper:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-upper-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-234"></a><a
name="index-upper_002dcase-letters-235"></a>Upper-case letters:
+ <br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:upper:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-upper-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-234"></a><a
name="index-upper_002dcase-letters-235"></a>Upper-case letters: in the
‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale and ASCII
character
+encoding, this is
<code>A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z</code>.
<br><dt>‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:xdigit:]</span></samp>’<dd><a
name="index-xdigit-_0040r_007bcharacter-class_007d-236"></a><a
name="index-xdigit-class-237"></a><a
name="index-hexadecimal-digits-238"></a>Hexadecimal digits:
<code>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F a b c d e f</code>.
</dl>
- For example, ‘<samp><span
class="samp">[[:alnum:]]</span></samp>’ means ‘<samp><span
class="samp">[0-9A-Za-z]</span></samp>’, except the latter
-depends upon the ‘<samp><span class="samp">C</span></samp>’ locale
and the <span class="sc">ascii</span> character
-encoding, whereas the former is independent of locale and character set.
-(Note that the brackets in these class names are
+ Note that the brackets in these class names are
part of the symbolic names, and must be included in addition to
-the brackets delimiting the bracket expression.)
+the brackets delimiting the bracket expression.
<p><a name="invalid_002dbracket_002dexpr"></a>If you mistakenly omit the
outer brackets, and search for say, ‘<samp><span
class="samp">[:upper:]</span></samp>’,
GNU <samp><span class="command">grep</span></samp> prints a diagnostic and
exits with status 2, on
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