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www/philosophy/po limit-patent-effect.zh-cn.po
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From: |
Wensheng XIE |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po limit-patent-effect.zh-cn.po |
|
Date: |
Wed, 31 Jan 2024 07:59:15 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Wensheng XIE <wxie> 24/01/31 07:59:15
Added files:
philosophy/po : limit-patent-effect.zh-cn.po
Log message:
zh_CN: new translation
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/limit-patent-effect.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: limit-patent-effect.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: limit-patent-effect.zh-cn.po
diff -N limit-patent-effect.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ limit-patent-effect.zh-cn.po 31 Jan 2024 12:59:14 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/limit-patent-effect.html
+# Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Wensheng Xie <wxie@member.fsf.org>, 2024.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-19 16:26+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2024-01-31 20:46+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <wxie@member.fsf.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <www-zh-cn-translators@gnu.org>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Giving the Software Field Protection from Patents - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation"
+msgstr "让软件å
åä¸å©å°æ° - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Giving the Software Field Protection from Patents"
+msgstr "让软件å
åä¸å©å°æ°"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> è"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Patents threaten every software developer, and the patent wars we have long "
+"feared have broken out. Software developers and software users—which, "
+"in our society, is most people—need software to be free of patents."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸å©å¨èçæ¯ä¸ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶å¼åè
ï¼æ们ä¸ç´æ
å¿çä¸å©æäºå·²ç»çåãè软件å¼åè
åä½"
+"为社ä¼å¤§å¤æ°çç¨æ·é½éè¦æ²¡æä¸å©ç软件ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The patents that threaten us are often called “software patents,"
+"” but that term is misleading. Such patents are not about any "
+"specific program. Rather, each patent describes some practical idea, and "
+"says that anyone carrying out the idea can be sued. So it is clearer to "
+"call them “computational idea patents.”"
+msgstr ""
+"对æ们ææå¨èçä¸å©é常被称为
“软件ä¸å©”ï¼ä½è¿ä¸æ¯è¯å
·æ误导æ§ã"
+"è¿ç±»ä¸å©å¹¶ä¸æ¶åä»»ä½å
·ä½ç¨åºãç¸åï¼æ¯é¡¹ä¸å©é½æè¿°äºä¸äºå®ç¨çæ³æ³ï¼å¹¶å£°ç§°ä»»"
+"ä½æ§è¡è¯¥æ³æ³ç人é½å¯è½è¢«èµ·è¯ãå æ¤ï¼ç§°å
¶ä¸º
“计ç®åæä¸å©” æ´ä¸ºæ"
+"ç¡®ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The US patent system doesn't label patents to say this one's a “"
+"software patent” and that one isn't. Software developers are the ones "
+"who make a distinction between the patents that threaten us—those that "
+"cover ideas that can be implemented in software—and the rest. For "
+"example, if the patented idea is the shape of a physical structure or a "
+"chemical reaction, no program can implement that idea; that patent doesn't "
+"threaten the software field. But if the idea that's patented is a "
+"computation, that patent's barrel points at software developers and users."
+msgstr ""
+"ç¾å½ä¸å©å¶åº¦ä¸ä¼ç»ä¸å©è´´ä¸æ ç¾æ¥è¡¨æä¸é¡¹æ¯
“软件ä¸å©“ èå¦ä¸é¡¹ä¸"
+"æ¯ã软件å¼åè
åºåäºå¨èæ们çä¸å©——涵çå¯ä»¥å¨è½¯ä»¶ä¸å®ç°çæ³æ³ç"
+"ä¸å©——åå
¶ä»ä¸å©ãä¾å¦ï¼å¦æä¸å©æ³æ³æ¯ä¸ä¸ªç©çç»æçå½¢ç¶ææ¯ä¸ä¸ª"
+"åå¦ååºï¼å没æç¨åºå¯ä»¥å®ç°è¯¥æ³æ³ï¼è¯¥ä¸å©ä¸ä¼å¨è软件é¢åãä½å¦æè·å¾ä¸å©ç"
+"æ³æ³æ¯ä¸ç§è®¡ç®æ¹å¼ï¼é£ä¹è¯¥ä¸å©çç头就æå软件å¼å人ååç¨æ·ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is not to say that computational idea patents prohibit only software. "
+"These ideas can also be implemented in hardware—and many of them have "
+"been. Each patent typically covers both hardware <em>and</em> software "
+"implementations of the idea."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿å¹¶ä¸æ¯è¯´è®¡ç®åæä¸å©åªç¦æ¢è½¯ä»¶ãè¿äºæ³æ³ä¹å¯ä»¥å¨ç¡¬ä»¶ä¸å®ç°——è"
+"ä¸å
¶ä¸è®¸å¤å·²ç»å®ç°äºãæ¯ä¸ªä¸å©é常ä¼æ¶µç该æ³æ³ç硬件<em>å</em>软件å®ç°ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "The Special Problem of Software"
+msgstr "软件çç¹æ®é®é¢"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Still, software is where computational idea patents cause a special "
+"problem. In software, it's easy to implement thousands of ideas together in "
+"one program. If 10 percent are patented, that means hundreds of patents "
+"threaten it."
+msgstr ""
+"尽管å¦æ¤ï¼è½¯ä»¶ä»ç¶æ¯è®¡ç®åæä¸å©å¼èµ·ç¹æ®é®é¢çå°æ¹ãå¨è½¯ä»¶ä¸ï¼å¾å®¹æå¨ä¸ä¸ªç¨"
+"åºä¸å®ç°æ°å个æ³æ³ãå¦æå
¶ä¸ç10%æ¥æä¸å©ï¼é£å°±æå³çæ°ç¾é¡¹ä¸å©å¯¹å
¶ææå¨èã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"When Dan Ravicher of the Public Patent Foundation studied one large program "
+"(Linux, which is the kernel of the <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> GNU/"
+"Linux</a> operating system) in 2004, he found 283 US patents that appeared "
+"to cover computing ideas implemented in the source code of that program. "
+"That same year, a magazine estimated that Linux was .25 percent of the whole "
+"GNU/Linux system. Multiplying 300 by 400 we get the order-of-magnitude "
+"estimate that the system as a whole was <em>threatened by around 100,000 "
+"patents</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"2004å¹´ï¼å½å
Œ
±ä¸å©åºéä¼ç丹·æç»´å½»ç
究ä¸ä¸ªå¤§åç¨åºï¼Linuxï¼<a href=\"/gnu/"
+"gnu-linux-faq.html\">GNU/Linux</a> æä½ç³»ç»çå
æ
¸ï¼æ¶ï¼ä»åç°äº283项ç¾å½ä¸"
+"å©ï¼è¿äºä¸å©ä¼¼ä¹æ¶µçäºè¯¥ç¨åºæºä»£ç
ä¸å®ç°ç计ç®åæãåå¹´ï¼ä¸æ¬æå¿ä¼°è®¡ Linux "
+"å æ´ä¸ª GNU/Linux
ç³»ç»ç0.25%ãå°300ä¹ä»¥400ï¼æ们å¾å°çæ°é级估计æ¯ï¼æ´ä¸ªç³»ç»
"
+"<em>åå°å¤§çº¦100,000项ä¸å©çå¨è</em>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"If half of those patents were eliminated as “bad quality”—"
+"mistakes of the patent system, that is—it would not really change "
+"things. Whether 100,000 patents or 50,000, it's the same disaster. This is "
+"why it's a mistake to limit our criticism of software patents to just “"
+"patent trolls” or “bad quality” patents. The worst patent "
+"aggressor today is Apple, which isn't a “troll” by the usual "
+"definition; I don't know whether Apple's patents are “good quality,"
+"” but the better the patent's “quality” the more dangerous "
+"its threat."
+msgstr ""
+"å³ä½¿è¿äºä¸å©ä¸æä¸åå
“å£è´¨”——å³ä¸å©å¶åº¦çé误"
+"——è被æé¤ï¼ç°ç¶ä¹ä¸ä¼çæ£æ¹åãæ
论æ¯100,000项ä¸å©è¿æ¯50,000项ä¸"
+"å©ï¼é½æ¯åæ
·çç¾é¾ãè¿å°±æ¯ä¸ºä»ä¹å°æ们对软件ä¸å©çæ¹è¯ä»
éäº
”ä¸å©æµæ°"
+"“ æ “å£è´¨”
ä¸å©æ¯é误çãå½ä»æ严éçä¸å©ä¾µç¯è
æ¯è¹æå
¬"
+"å¸ï¼ä½å¹¶ä¸æ¯é常å®ä¹ç
“ä¸å©æµæ°”ï¼æä¸ç¥éè¹æçä¸å©æ¯å¦ “"
+"è´¨é好”ï¼ä½ä¸å©ç “è´¨é” è¶å¥½ï¼å
¶å¨èå°±è¶å¤§ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "We need to fix the whole problem, not just part of it."
+msgstr "æ们éè¦è§£å³æ´ä¸ªé®é¢ï¼èä¸ä»
ä»
æ¯å
¶ä¸ä¸é¨åã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The usual suggestions for correcting this problem legislatively involve "
+"changing the criteria for granting patents—for instance, to ban "
+"issuance of patents on computational practices and systems to perform them. "
+"This approach has two drawbacks."
+msgstr ""
+"ä»ç«æ³ä¸çº æ£è¿ä¸ªé®é¢çé常建议å
æ¬æ¹åæäºä¸å©çæ
å——ä¾å¦ï¼ç¦æ¢"
+"为计ç®æ¹å¼å®è·µä»¥åæ§è¡è¿äºå®è·µçç³»ç»é¢åä¸å©ãä½è¿ç§æ¹æ³æ两个缺ç¹ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"First, patent lawyers are clever at reformulating patents to fit whatever "
+"rules may apply; they transform any attempt at limiting the substance of "
+"patents into a requirement of mere form. For instance, many US "
+"computational idea patents describe a system including an arithmetic unit, "
+"an instruction sequencer, a memory, plus controls to carry out a particular "
+"computation. This is a peculiar way of describing a computer running a "
+"program that does a certain computation; it was designed to make the patent "
+"application satisfy criteria that the US patent system was believed for a "
+"time to require."
+msgstr ""
+"é¦å
ï¼ä¸å©å¾å¸åäºéæ°å¶å®ä¸å©ï¼ä»¥éåºä»»ä½å¯è½éç¨çè§åï¼ä»ä»¬ä¼æä»»ä½æ³è¦é"
+"å¶ä¸å©å®è´¨å
容çæªæ½è½¬å为å纯çå½¢å¼è¦æ±ãä¾å¦ï¼è®¸å¤ç¾å½è®¡ç®åæä¸å©æè¿°çç³»"
+"ç»å
æ¬ä¸ä¸ªç®æ¯é»è¾åå
ãä¸ä¸ªå®åºå¨ãä¸ä¸ªåå¨å¨ã以åç¨äºæ§è¡ç¹å®è®¡ç®çæ§å¶"
+"å¨ãè¿æ¯ä¸ç§æ述计ç®æºè¿è¡ç¨åºè¿è¡æç§è®¡ç®çå
¸åæ¹å¼ï¼å
¶ç®çæ¯ä½¿ä¸å©ç³è¯·ç¬¦å"
+"æ åï¼èæ¤æ åæ¾æ¯ç¾å½ä¸å©å¶åº¦å¨è¿å»ä¸æ®µæ¶é´å
çè¦æ±ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Second, the US already has many thousands of computational idea patents, and "
+"changing the criteria to prevent issuing more would not get rid of the "
+"existing ones. We would have to wait almost 20 years for the problem to be "
+"entirely corrected through the expiration of these patents. We could "
+"envision legislating the abolition of these existing patents, but that is "
+"probably unconstitutional. (The Supreme Court has perversely insisted that "
+"Congress can extend private privileges at the expense of the public's rights "
+"but that it can't go in the other direction.)"
+msgstr ""
+"å
¶æ¬¡ï¼ç¾å½å·²ç»ææåä¸ä¸é¡¹è®¡ç®åæä¸å©ï¼æ¹åæ
å以é²æ¢é¢åæ´å¤ä¸å©å¹¶ä¸è½æ¶é¤"
+"ç°æä¸å©ãæ们å°ä¸å¾ä¸çå¾
è¿20å¹´ï¼éè¿ä¸å©å°ææ¥å½»åºè§£å³è¿ä¸ªé®é¢ãæ们å¯ä»¥è®¾"
+"æ³éè¿ç«æ³åºé¤è¿äºç°æä¸å©ï¼ä½è¿å¾å¯è½æ¯è¿å®ªçï¼æé«æ³é¢å常å°åæ认为ï¼å½ä¼"
+"å¯ä»¥ä»¥çºç²å
¬ä¼æå©ä¸ºä»£ä»·æ¥æ©å¤§ç§äººç¹æï¼ä½ä¸è½åå
¶éèè¡ä¹ï¼ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "A Different Approach: Limit Effect, Not Patentability"
+msgstr "å¦è¾è¹å¾ï¼ä¸éå¶é¢åä¸å©ï¼èæ¯éå¶ä¸å©çæå"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"My suggestion is to change the <em>effect</em> of patents. We should "
+"legislate that developing, distributing, or running a program on generally "
+"used computing hardware does not constitute patent infringement. This "
+"approach has several advantages:"
+msgstr ""
+"æç建议æ¯æ¹åä¸å©ç<em>æå</em>ãæ们åºè¯¥ç«æ³è§å®å¨éç¨è®¡ç®ç¡¬ä»¶ä¸å¼åãåå"
+"æè¿è¡ç¨åºä¸ææä¸å©ä¾µæãè¿ç§æ¹æ³æå 个ä¼ç¹ï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"It does not require classifying patents or patent applications as “"
+"software” or “not software.”"
+msgstr ""
+"å®ä¸éè¦å°ä¸å©æä¸å©ç³è¯·æç
§ “软件” æ
“é软件” æ¥å"
+"ç±»ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"It provides developers and users with protection from both existing and "
+"potential future computational idea patents."
+msgstr "å®ä¿æ¤å¼å人ååç¨æ·å
åç°æåæªæ¥æ½å¨ç计ç®åæä¸å©çå¨èã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Patent lawyers cannot defeat the intended effect by writing applications "
+"differently."
+msgstr "ä¸å©å¾å¸ä¸è½éè¿ä»¥ä¸åæ¹å¼æ°åç³è¯·æ¥ç
´åé¢æææã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This approach doesn't entirely invalidate existing computational idea "
+"patents, because they would continue to apply to implementations using "
+"special-purpose hardware. This is an advantage because it eliminates an "
+"argument against the legal validity of the plan. The US passed a law some "
+"years ago shielding surgeons from patent lawsuits, so that even if surgical "
+"procedures are patented, surgeons are safe. That provides a precedent for "
+"this solution."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿ç§æ¹æ³å¹¶ä¸å®å
¨ä½¿ç°æç计ç®åæä¸å©æ æï¼å
为å®ä»¬å°ç»§ç»éç¨äºä½¿ç¨ä¸æ硬件ç"
+"å®ç°ãè¿æä¸ä¸ªå¥½å¤ï¼å®æ¶é¤äºå对该æ¹æ³æ³å¾æåç论æ®ãç¾å½å
å¹´åéè¿äºä¸é¡¹æ³"
+"å¾ï¼ä¿æ¤å¤ç§å»çå
åä¸å©è¯è®¼ï¼å
æ¤å³ä½¿å¤ç§ææ¯è·å¾ä¸å©ï¼å¤ç§å»çä¹æ¯å®å
¨çã"
+"è¿ä¸ºæçæ¹æ¡æä¾äºå
ä¾ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Software developers and software users need protection from patents. This "
+"is the only legislative solution that would provide full protection for "
+"all. We could then go back to competing or cooperating… without the "
+"fear that some stranger will wipe away our work."
+msgstr ""
+"软件å¼åè
åç¨æ·éè¦ä¸å©ä¿æ¤ãè¿æ¯å¯ä¸è½ä¸ºææ人æä¾å
¨é¢ä¿æ¤çç«æ³è§£å³æ¹æ¡ã"
+"ç¶åæ们å¯ä»¥éæ°å¼å§ç«äºæåä½……èä¸ç¨æ
å¿æ个éç人ä¼æ¹æ¶æ们"
+"çå·¥ä½ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>See also: <a href=\"/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html\"> "
+"Patent Reform Is Not Enough</a></em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>å¦è§ï¼<a
href=\"/philosophy/patent-reform-is-not-enough.html\">ãä¸å©æ¹é©"
+"è¿ä¸å¤ã</a></em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"A version of this article was first published at <a href=\"https://www.wired.";
+"com/opinion/2012/11/richard-stallman-software-patents/\"> <cite>Wired</"
+"cite></a> in November 2012."
+msgstr ""
+"2012å¹´11ææ¬ææåçæ¬åè¡¨äº <a
href=\"https://www.wired.com/opinion/2012/11/";
+"richard-stallman-software-patents/\"><cite>è¿çº¿</cite></a>"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.";
+"org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other "
+"ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or "
+"suggestions can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\";><"
+"webmasters@gnu.org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请å°å¯¹FSF&GNUçä¸è¬è¯¢é®åéå°<a
href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\";><gnu@gnu."
+"org></a>ãè¿æä¸äºå
¶ä»èç³»FSFç<a
href=\"/contact/\">æ¹å¼</a>ãå
³äºé¾æ¥é"
+"误å”å
¶ä»æ´æ£æ建议“请åä¿¡å°<a
href=\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.";
+"org\"><web-translators@gnu.org></a>ã"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations."
+"html\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+"contributing translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"æ们尽æ大åªåæ¥æä¾ç²¾ååé«è´¨éçç¿»è¯ï¼ä½é¾å
ä¼åå¨é误åä¸è¶³ãå¦ææ¨å¨è¿æ¹"
+"é¢æè¯è®ºæä¸è¬æ§ç建议ï¼è¯·åéè³ <a
href=\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.";
+"org\"><web-translators@gnu.org></a>ã</p><p>å
³äºè¿è¡åè°ä¸æ交翻è¯çæ´"
+"å¤ä¿¡æ¯åè§ <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">ãè¯è
æ"
+"åã</a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2012, 2013, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 2012, 2013, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¬é¡µé¢ä½¿ç¨ <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-";
+"nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International "
+"License</a> ææã"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel=\"team\"
href=\"//savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-"
+"cn/\"><CTT></a>ï¼2024ã"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "æåæ´æ°ï¼"
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