I took a try at this, but didn't find any ideal solution.
Usually people set the window title from bash's prompt command, not the other way around.
There is an xterm escape code for "reporting a window title" that screen appears to support. There's a SO post that implies that it's usually disabled for security reasons.
The result comes back wrapped in escapes as well.
Here's as far as I got:
nfultz@penguin:~$ read -p '^[[21t' -rs -d '\' A < $(tty)
nfultz@penguin:~$ echo ${A//[^[:alnum:] ]/}
lbash
Probably the best thing to do is write a small C program and use it...
Best,
Neal